Kingdoms Fungi and Plantae Fungi are organisms that

Kingdoms Fungi and Plantae

Fungi are… organisms that consume food – mainly breaking down dead and decaying matter organisms that have a nucleus organisms that have a cell wall

Think-Pair-Share With your partner, list the 5 ways that fungus might be classified. (Reflect back on your notes on classification). After discussion, place a star next to those used to classify fungus.

Think – Pair – Share Answer 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Behaviors Biochemistry – the DNA Embryology Physical Characteristics Evolutionary History (Phylogeny)

Major Structures

Major Structures 1. 2. 3. Hyphae – tiny filaments that make up the fungus Mycelium – many hyphae tangled together Fruiting Body – Reproductive structure that develops from a mycelium and grows below ground

Check for Understanding With your partner, label the following diagram with the major structures of a fungus

Common Molds Sexually reproducing fungi Hyphae generally lack cell walls Examples: black bread mold

Sac Fungi Reproduce both sexually and asexually Can be unicellular and multicellular Examples: Cup Fungus, Yeasts

Club Fungi These fungi can be edible This is an extremely diverse category of fungus Examples: Orange Jelly, Shelf Fungus, Mushrooms

Imperfect Fungi All fungi that are not placed into other groups (phyla) are placed here NEVER been shown to have a sexual life cycle Example: Penicillium

Interactions with the Environment Decomposers – break down dead matter into the nutrients that make it up Nutrient recyclers Positive relationship with trees Cause famine, and disease in plants, animals, and humans

Most plants… Autotrophs – make their own food Have a NUCLEUS! Multicellular Have a cell wall

Plants make a move from water to land! Evolved from organisms like green algae Evolution required adaptations Waxy Cuticle – protects from water loss Vascular tissue – helps move water and nutrients through the plant Seeds/Flowers – allows for sexual reproduction

Non-Vascular Plants Lack specialized tissue to help move food and water Very short Examples: mosses, liverworts, hornworts

Vascular Plants Xylem and Phloem move water and food All have true roots, leaves, and stems Some are seedless: Some have seeds: angiosperms, gymnosperms Seeds allow the plant to reproduce without water

Check for Understanding With your partner, hypothesize why it was important for vascular tissue to develop in land-dwelling plants. Enabled plants grow taller, allowed plants There is not ONEtocorrect answer! to get nutrients more easily, allowed plants to grow deeper roots to access water because it can move throughout the plant, provided plants with more structure and support

Gymnosperms Any plants that bear their seeds directly on the surface of cones Examples: ginkgoes, cycads Angiosperms Known as flowering plants, any plant that bears seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seeds Examples: apple tree, rose Two types: monocots, dicots

Monocots Single cotyledon (seed leaves) The veins of the leaves run parallel Floral parts (petals) occur mostly in multiples of 3 Vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem Fibrous roots

Dicots Two cotyledons (seed leaves) Leaves have branched veins Flower parts (petals) occur often in multiples of 4 or 5 Vascular Roots bundles arranged in a ring function like a taproot

Key Plant Parts Anther – oval sac where pollen is found Filament – long, thin stalk that supports anther Stigma – sticky portion at top of style Petal – attract insects and pollinators to flower Sepal – protect the flower while it develops Ovary – surrounds the ovule (female reproductive portion of the plant)

Check for Understanding With your partner, label the following picture below with the following terms anther, filament, stigma, style, petal, sepal, ovary, ovule. (You are hypothesizing the location based on the functions we discussed. )