Kingdom Protista Diversity Dumping ground for organisms we

Kingdom Protista

Diversity • Dumping ground for organisms we don’t know what to do with

Protists • Only common characteristic is all have eukaryotic cells

Classification • Based on how they eat Animal-like Plant-like Fungus-like

Animal-like Protists

Protozoans – animal-like protists • Heterotrophic • Single-celled

Classified • Based on how they move Sarcodinians Zooflagellates Ciliophorans Sporozoans

Sarcodinians • “terrible flesh” – move by causing cytoplasm to flow

Example • Ameba

Ameba Structure

Cell membrane • Very thin and flexible, no cell wall (too stiff)

Endo and Ectoplasm • Cytoplasm divided into 2 distinct layers

Pseudopodia • “false foot, ” extensions of an ameba formed as they move

Amoeba movement

Nucleus • Controls cell’s activity

Food Vacuoles • Stores food that has been engulfed

Contractile Vacuoles • Pumps water out to keep cell from bursting from osmosis

Amoeba feeding • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=pv. Oz 4 V 6 99 gk

Sensitive to… • Temperature, touch, light, chemicals

Reproduction • Asexually through binary fission

Pathogenic • Some amebas are parasites in intestines, cause amebic dysentery from contaminated water

Sarcodinians Zooflagellates Ciliophorans Sporozoans

Zooflagellates • “animal whips, ” move by flagella

Example • Astasia

Astasia Structure

Pellicle • Thicker, semi flexible cell membrane, retains its shape

Flagella • Whip like tail that pulls the cell

Gullet and Reservoir • Take in food

Food Vacuole • Stores food until digested

Contractile Vacuole • Pumps out excess water

Eyespot • Detects light but can’t see shapes and images

Pathogenic • Transmitted by tsetse flies, causes African Sleeping Sickness

Symbiotic • Digests cellulose in termites, release nutrients

Sarcodinians Zooflagellates Ciliophorans Sporozoans

Ciliophorans • “hair bearing, ” move by beating short hair-like cilia

Example • Paramecium

Paramecium Structure

Cilia • Hair-like structures for movement, usually shorter and more numerous than flagella

Cilia and contractile vacuole • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=9 Ynm 5 Z OW 59 Q

Trichocysts • Defense structures

Trichocysts stun passing prey • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=HMWQL 4 B 4 YCA

Oral Groove and Gullet • Take in food

Macro and micro nuclei • Control cell function; small one involved in reproduction

Reproduction • Asexually – binary fission • Sexually – conjugation – exchange genetic material (micronucleus) between two paramecia

Pathogenic • Rarely parasites because they move well to find food

Sarcodinians Zooflagellates Ciliophorans Sporozoans

Sporozoans • “seed animal, ” cannot move by themselves, parasitic

Example • Plasmodium

Pathogenic • Transmitted by mosquitoes, causes Malaria

Plasmodium life cycle

Review Sarcodinians Zooflagellates Ciliophorans Sporozoans

Plant-like Protists

Algae – plant-like protists • Autotrophic • Photosynthesis

Classified • Based on cell number Unicellular Multicelluar

Unicellular Algae Dinoflagellates Euglenoids Diatoms

Dinoflagellates • Two flagella for movement • Most live in saltwater • Cell wall of cellulose plates

Red Tide • Sudden multiplying of dinoflagellates – release toxic chemicals Affects nervous system of humans and some fish

Diatoms • Secrete substances for movement • Most live in saltwater • Cell wall of silica (glass)

Euglenoids • One flagellum for movement • Most live in freshwater • Have no rigid cell wall

Shared characteristics • both protozoa and algae traits

• Protozoa – no cell wall, flagella • Algae – photosynthesis (when needed)

Review Unicellular Algae Dinoflagellates Euglenoids Diatoms

Multicellular Algae Green Algae Red Algae Brown Algae

Green Algae • Live in freshwater or moist soil • Chlorophyll pigment for photosynthesis

Green Algae

Red Algae • Live in warm saltwater • Accessory pigments for photosynthesis

Red Algae

Brown Algae • Live in cool saltwater • Have specialized parts (air bladders) • Sea weed and kelps

Brown Algae

Review Multicellular Algae Green Algae Red Algae Brown Algae

Fungus-like Protists

Mold – fungus-like protists • Decomposers • Live in moist places

Classified Plasmodial Slime Molds Cellular Slime Molds Water Molds

Plasmodial Slime Molds • Plasmodium – feeding stage, grow large, favorable conditions

Slime Molds

Plasmodial Slime Molds • Fruiting body – releases dormant spores, unfavorable conditions

Life Cycle

Cellular Slime Molds • Feeding stage – small single cells that move

Cellular Slime Molds • Pseudoplasmodium – clumps of haploid cells that each produce a fruiting body

Water Molds • Decomposers in freshwater ecosystems