Kingdom Protista 2152022 USD 232 Protozoa unicellular protists

Kingdom Protista 2/15/2022 USD 232

Protozoa (unicellular protists) Phylum Sarcodina n Phylum Ciliophora n Phylum Zoomastigina n Phylum Sporoza n 2/15/2022 USD 232

Algae and Fungus Phylum Chlorophyta n Phylum Phaeophyta n Phylum Rhodophyta n Phylum Dinoflagellata n Phylum Chrysophyta n Phylum Euglenophyta n 2/15/2022 USD 232

Protozoa General Characteristics Single celled n They can move n Most are heterotrophic (free living, some are parasitic) n Found everywhere there is water n Are the first link in aquatic food chains (zooplankton) n 2/15/2022 USD 232

Protozoa General Characteristics (cont. ) Some have eyespots for detecting chemicals and light n Probably evolved from prokaryotic cells 3. 5 to 5 billion years ago through endosymbiosis n 2/15/2022 USD 232

Protozoa Reproduction Multiple fission-more than one are produced from a binary split n Conjugation-sexual n Binary fission-asexual n 2/15/2022 USD 232

Phylum Sarcodina Movement-Cytoplasmic streaming using amoeboid movement Structures-Contractile vacuole, pseudopodia 2/15/2022 USD 232

Sarcodina Characteristics Environmental role-Some have shells called “Tests, ” which are made of calcium carbonate. This chalky compound colors the Cliffs of Dover in England produced the stones that built the pyramids. n Entamoeba histolytica causes amebic dysentery. Lives in contaminated food/water. Explosive diarrhea and vomiting. n 2/15/2022 USD 232

Phylum Ciliophora Movement-Cilia Structures-Pellicle, oral groove, mouth pore, gullet, anal pore, macrocnucleus, micronucleus Reproduction-Use conjugation 2/15/2022 USD 232

Phylum Zoomastigina Movement-One or more flagella n Diseases u Trypanosoma-live in insects, cause African Sleeping sickness (Tsetse) u Leishmania donovani-caused by sandflies, a disease of the blood that causes lesions and sores, can be fatal n 2/15/2022

Zoomastigina Characteristics n Diseases u Trypanosoma-live in insects, cause African Sleeping sickness (Tsetse) u Leishmania donovani-caused by sandflies, a disease of the blood that causes lesions and sores, can be fatal u Giardia lamblia-Carried by animals (beaver’s) causes explosive diarrhea and abdominal cramping 2/15/2022

Phylum Sporozoa n Movementadults carried by blood stream, usually parasitic 2/15/2022

Sporozoa Characteristics Diseases u Toxoplasmosis-Protozoan lives in birds, rodents, and cats. Is not harmful to adults but can be dangerous to developing fetus. u Plasmodium-Carried by anopheles mosquito. Causes Malaria-victims die from anemia, kidney failure, or brain damage; has killed more people than any other Genus, 2. 7 million die annually. n Summary of life cycle 2/15/2022 n

Algae and Fungus Cereval Characteristics Like Protists. Most unicellular, some multicellular. n Range from microscopic to the huge n Photosynthetic-contains chloroplasts n No roots, stems, leaves n Form Gametangia from gametes n Contain pyrenoids that synthesize starch n Body called a thallus n 2/15/2022

Algae and Fungus Cereval Characteristics (cont. ) n There are four types of Algae: u Unicellular-photoplankton (photosynthetis single celled organism that makes up the foundation of the food chain. u Colonial-volvox: group of cells acting as one u Filamentous-spirogyra: made of cellular sections u Multicellular-Ulva (see lettuce) 2/15/2022

Algae and Fungus Reproduction Algae reproduce sexually and asexually n Must be familiar with the following key vocabulary Meiosis Mitosis Zoospore Zygote Gamete Haploid Diploid Gametophyte Sporophyte Oogonium Antheridium n 2/15/2022

Oedogonium (sexual) 2/15/2022

Oedogonium Reproduction 2/15/2022

Chlamydomas (sexual and asexual) 2/15/2022

Chlamydomas Reproduction 2/15/2022

Ulva (Alternation of generations) 2/15/2022

Spirogyra (conjugation) 2/15/2022

Phylum Chlorophyta (green algae) Colonial/multicellular n Most aquatic n Form symbiotic partnership with bacteria/fungus called lechen n Bottom of food chain n 2/15/2022

Phylum Phaeophyta (brown algae) Seaweed and kelp n Cool oceans n Large and multicellular n 2/15/2022

Phylum Rhodophyta (red algae) Fresh/salt water n Deep water algae n Used to make carageenan which cosmetics, gelatin, cheese, agar n 2/15/2022

Phylum Bacillariophyta Fresh/salt water n Major component of phytoplankton which is the bottom of marine food chain. n Used to make toothpaste, detergents, paint remover, fertilizer, insulators n 2/15/2022

Phylum Dinoflagellata Most are photosynthetic and unicellular n Produce Bioluminescence n Cause red tide n 2/15/2022

Phylum Chrysophyta (golden algae) Have cysts that can remain frozen n Important in the production of petroleum deposit n Two flagella n 2/15/2022

Phylum Euglenophyta Photosynthetic but can be heterotrophic if necessary n Lives in the guts of many animals (symbiosis) n General Anatomy n 2/15/2022

Fungus-like Protists Eat like amoebas but reproduce like fungi n Structure resembles protists n Two major phyta acrasiomyta and myxomycota n Two major phyla of water molds are oomycote and chytrimycote n 2/15/2022

Acrasiomyta They can swim or move by amoebic movement n If food is scarce they will combine with other single celled members and work as a team (pseudoplasmodium) n 2/15/2022

Myxomycota Eats detritis (dead leaves and organic material) n Produces multicolored visible reproductive structures n 2/15/2022

Oomycota Eats dead fish in aquarium n Caused potato blight in Ireland is a pathogen for many plants n 2/15/2022

Chytridiomycota n Protist that is heterotrophic on other protists 2/15/2022