KINGDOM PLANTAE Unit 7 Biodiversity Kingdom Characteristics Multicellular

KINGDOM PLANTAE Unit 7 - Biodiversity

Kingdom Characteristics Multicellular Eukaryotic Cell walls made of cellulose Autotrophic (photosynthesis) They can make their own food using sunlight, carbon dioxide and water. Found on land in water

Plant Groups Bryophytes (Mosses) Seedless vascular plants (Ferns) Seed bearing plans Gymnosperms (cone bearing plants) Angiosperms (flowering plants) These 4 groups fall into one of 2 major categories Vascular Non-Vascular

Vascular Plants Has Vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) plants have roots, leaves, stems carries H 2 O a long distance 90% of plants are vascular Roots grow continuously, absorb water and minerals. Water exits plants through pores in leaves Exs. Ferns,

Non-Vascular Plants plants lack vascular tissue (no xylem and phloem) no true roots, leaves, or stems. Do have Rhizoids, long thin strands of cells that help hold plant to soil.

Mosses Non-Vascular Plants

Moss Do NOT have vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) Depend on water for reproduction Draw water by osmosis. Grow only a few cm from the ground. First land plants.

Ferns First Vascular Plants

Ferns Have vascular tissue – xylem and phloem Produce spores to reproduce Depend on water for reproduction Leaves are called fronds A fiddlehead is a tightly coiled new leaf Underground stem

Gymnosperms Cone Bearing Plants

Gymnosperms Reproduce with seeds that are exposed Reproductive structures are cones Large woody cone is female Smaller fleshy cone is male Pollination usually occurs by wind � Pollen grains (sperm) have winglike projections Female Male

Angiosperms Flowering Plants

Angiosperms All flowering plants 2 groups Monocots and Dicots Reproduce with seeds that are enclosed Reproductive structures are flowers/fruit Pollination usually occurs by animals

Types of Angiosperms Named on the number of seed leaves or cotyledons. Monocot 1 seed leaf Dicot 2 seed leaf

Monocots

Monocot Characteristics One seed Flowerin leaf g parts (petals) (one in cotyledon) multiples of 3. Parallel veins in leaves Vascular bundles scattered in stems Fibrous Root Ex. Corn and Lily

Dicots

Dicot Characteristics Two seed Flowerin Branched Vascular leaf g parts /Netted bundles (petals) veins in in a ring (Two in leaves in stems cotyledon multiples s) of Four/Five. Tap Root Ex. Rose and Bean

Monocots vs. Dicots (Angiosperms) Netted veins Fibrous Root Tap Root

Dicot Leaf Structure Simple Compound

Dicot Leaf Arrangements Alternate Opposite Whorled

Flower Parts Biodiversity

Angiosperms Have unique reproductive organs called flowers Flowers contain ovaries, which surround and protect the seeds. The seed is enclosed Ovary develops into a fruit, which protects the seed and helps on dispersal. Contains both male and female parts

Flower Parts The female part is called the pistil. The male part is called the stamen.

Stamen The male reproductive structure of a flowering plant. Consists of two parts anther Contains pollen Filament

Parts of the Stamen Anther the structure located on top of the stamen and carries the pollen

Parts of the Stamen Pollen � Pollen is the male sex cell that donates half of the DNA to make a seed. � It is a powdery substance, usually orange or yellow in color, that gets carried by pollinators.

Parts of the Stamen Filament a thread-like part that holds up the anther

Pistil/Carpel the female reproductive structure of a flowering plant

Parts of the Pistil/Carpel The innermost flower part Produces female gametes (ovule) Consists of three parts Stigma Style Ovary

Parts of the Pistil/Carpel Stigma the sticky surface on the top of the pistil; it traps and holds the pollen.

Parts of the Pistil/Carpel Style the tube-like structure that holds up the stigma Contains pollen tubes to transport pollen. Stigma Style

Parts of the Pistil/Carpel Ovary the plant part at the bottom of the flower that has ovules inside this turns into the fruit and seeds we eat. The purpose of the fruit is seed dispersal.

Parts of the Pistil/Carpel Ovules the female sex cells inside the ovary that donate half the DNA to become the seed. (They become the seeds when pollinated or fertilized by the pollen. ) video

Other Flower Parts Petal � the colorful flower parts that surround the reproductive structures. � Function is to attract pollinators

Other Flower Parts Sepal the green petallike parts at the base of the flower; they help protect the bud when it develops

Perfect Flowers Perfect flowers that have both male and female parts (ex. Roses, lilies, and pea plants)

Imperfect Flowers Imperfect: flowers with male or female parts (ex - cucumbers, pumpkins, and melons

Pollinators A pollinator is something that moves pollen from the male parts to the female parts.