Kingdom Plantae I Plants A Autotrophs B Eukaryotes

Kingdom Plantae

I. Plants • A. Autotrophs • B. Eukaryotes • C. Evolved from green algae – Oldest fossil found is 470 million years old

• D. Plant life cycle – 1. Alternation of generations – 2. Two types of reproductive cells • Spores (n): sporophytes meiosis • Gametes (n): gametophytes mitosis

• E. Division of Plants – 1. Groups divided by • Water-conducting tissues • Seeds • Flowers

II. Kingdom plantae (in order of oldest to youngest) • A. Groups of bryophytes (mosses) – 1. Needs water to reproduce • A. Grows in damp places – 2. No vascular system • A. draw up H 2 O through osmosis – 3. No roots • A. Rhizoids

• B. Life cycle – 1. Alt. Of Gen – 2. Gametophyte is the largest and longer-lived • Eggs- Archegonium • Sperm-Antheridium

• C. Groups – Mosses – Liverworts – Hornworts Mosses Hornworts Liverworts

III. Seedless Vascular Plants • A. Specialized to conduct water – 1. Xylem: carries H 2 O from roots and up – 2. Phloem: Carries sugars from leaves to the rest of plant

• B. Ferns and their relatives – 1. Club mosses – 2. Horsetails – 3. Ferns Club mosses Horsetails Ferns

IV. Seed Plants • A. Divided into 2 groups Gymnosperm Angiosperm – 1. Gymnosperms: seeds on surface – 2. Angiosperm: seeds are below surface

• B. Seeds helped plants reproduce with out water – – 1. Cones 2. Flowers 3. Pollen 4. Seeds

• C. Gymnosperm – 1. Cone bearers – 2. Naked seeds – 3. Mainly Conifers • • Pines Spruce Firs Redwoods

• D. Angiosperm – 1. Enclosed seeds – 2. Flowers (reproductive organ) • A. Ovaries that protect seeds • B. Fruits

– 3. Divided into 2 groups • A. Monocots – 1. 1 Cotyledons when seed sprouts – 2. Corn, wheat, lilies • B. Dicots – 1. 2 Cotyledons when seed sprouts – 2. Roses, Tomatoes, daisies

– C. Life Span • 1. Annuals- one growing season • 2. Biennials-lives 2 seasons • 3. Perennials-live many years Pansies annual Fox glove Tulips