KINGDOM MONERA BACTERIA FEBRUARY 25 2016 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

KINGDOM MONERA (BACTERIA) FEBRUARY 25 2016

LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Identify and label structures of a generic Monera • Identify and Describe the four criteria through which Monera are classified • Describe the ways in which Monera obtain/metabolize energy • Describe three ways Monera reproduce

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Why study Bacteria?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

WHAT WE LOOK LIKE Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples

WHAT WE LOOK LIKE § All Monera are unicellular and prokaryotic § No nucleus. DNA or RNA and ribosomes floating in cytoplasm. Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples

WHAT WE LOOK LIKE § Cell membrane made of lipids § Cell wall made of peptidoglycan to protect cell § Flagellum to move Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples

Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples

ACTIVITY TIME! Please arrange yourselves into groups of 3 When you have a group of three raise your hands

ACTIVITY TIME! 1 Coloured sheet 3 fact sheets 1 fact sheet person Puzzle out which bacteria is which

HOW WE ARE CLASSIFIED Cocci Round and spherical Bacilli 1. Shape 2. Cell Wall 3. Bacterial Movement Spirilla 4. DNA/RNA Shaped Spiral like a rod shaped (or (looks like sausage) pasta) Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples

HOW WE ARE CLASSIFIED Clustering Behaviour can also help with classifying bacteria Some bacteria form chains, others form colonies of two cells. 1. Shape 2. Cell Wall 3. Bacterial Movement 4. DNA/RNA Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples

HOW WE ARE CLASSIFIED Hans Christian Gram was staining bacteria with crystal violet. He realized some retained the crystal violet and others did not. 1. Shape 2. Cell Wall 3. Bacterial Movement 4. DNA/RNA Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples

HOW WE ARE CLASSIFIED 1. Shape 2. Cell Wall 3. Bacterial Movement 4. DNA/RNA Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples

HOW WE ARE CLASSIFIED Gram-positive: cells that can retain the crystal violet (purple) Gram-negative: cells that can’t retain crystal violet (pink) 1. Shape 2. Cell Wall 3. Bacterial Movement 4. DNA/RNA Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples

HOW WE ARE CLASSIFIED Bacteria with a thick peptidoglycan cell wall could retain the crystal violet. Bacteria with a thin peptidoglycan layer generally couldn’t 1. Shape 2. Cell Wall 3. Bacterial Movement 4. DNA/RNA Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples

HOW WE ARE CLASSIFIED Flagella: whip-like projection that helps bacteria move Slime: glide on slime secretion (like a slug) No movement 1. Shape 2. Cell Wall 3. Bacterial Movement 4. DNA/RNA Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples

HOW WE ARE CLASSIFIED The genetic makeup of species is generally unique. Probably the most specific identification 1. Shape 2. Cell Wall 3. Bacterial Movement 4. DNA/RNA Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples

What is the shape of this bacterium? Is it gram-negative or gram positive? Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples

Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples

HOW WE TRAP ENERGY Phototrophic Autotrophs: Monerans that trap the energy of the sun Cyanobacteria Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples

HOW WE TRAP ENERGY Chemotrophic Autotrophs: Monerans that trap the energy of the inorganic molecules (e. g. hydrogen sulfide, nitrites, ammonia) Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples

HOW WE TRAP ENERGY Chemotrophic Heterotrophs (aka heterotrophs) Monera that trap the energy of the organic molecules (e. g. salmonella) Phototrophic Heterotrophs: Monera that can photosynthesize and trap Structure of | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | energy organic material Examples