Kingdom Archaebacteria The Extremeophiles Characteristics Microscopic Unicellular Cell

Kingdom: Archaebacteria • The Extremeophiles

Characteristics • • • Microscopic Unicellular Cell walls Prokaryotes (lack a nucleus) Reproduce by binary fission

3 major groups • Methanogens • Halophiles: salt lovers • Thermophiles: heat lovers

Halophiles • Great salt Lake

Thermophiles • • • Heat loving bacteria Live in underwater thermal vents Live in hot springs, Old Faithful May be descendents of 1 st life forms Carry out chemosynthesis instead of photosynthesis

Methanogens • Produce methane gas • Anaerobic • Live in gut of cows, humans, land-fills, deep in mud • Can be used as an alternative source of energy

CH 4

Kingdom Eubacteria True Bacteria

Characteristics Microscopic Unicellular Cell walls Prokaryotes (lack a nucleus), single circular DNA • Reproduce by binary fission • Autotrophic (photosynthetic or chemo) or heterotrophic (some are decomposers) • Anaerobic, Aerobic or both • •

Classification • By shape

Classification • By clumping

Products Fermented By bacteria

Some vaccines Are produced By bacteria

Begins digestion of grasses in Ruminants like Cows, sheep, goats Nodules in roots of Legumes contain Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria that change N 2 into a usable form (nitrates)

Type of Bacteria Beneficial Effects Clostridia Production of butanol and acetone from molasses Acetobacter Production of vinegar from alcohol Intestinal bacteria Food digestion; synthesizing of vitamins in human Lactobacilli Production of lactic acid from sugar Aztobacter, nitrobacter Fixation of nitrogen in soils Streptococci, lactobacilli Production of dairy products (cheese, yogurt) Streptomyces Source of antibiotics (streptomycin and erythromycin)

Pathogenic bacteria

Diseases • • Bubonic plague Food poisoning Cholera TB Gonorrhea Leprosy Syphillis tetaus