Kingdom Animalia Characteristics n Multicellular n Eukaryotic with

Kingdom Animalia

~ Characteristics ~ n Multicellular n Eukaryotic with no cell walls n Heterotrophs (consumers)

~ Characteristics ~ n Have a nervous system to respond to their environment n Locomotion relates to ability to obtain food n Most animals develop from a zygote becoming a n. A single layer of cells surrounding a fluidfilled space forming a hollow ball of cells called a gastrula

~ Developmental Characteristics ~ n The gastrula is made up of three parts: – Ectoderm, Ectoderm a layer of cells on the outer surface of the gastrula, grows and divides developing into skin and nervous tissue. – Endoderm, Endoderm a layer of cells lining the inner surface of the gastrula, develops into the lining of the animal’s digestive tract. – Mesoderm, made up of two layers of cells lying between the ectoderm and endoderm, forms muscles, reproductive organs and circulatory vessels.

~ Developmental Characteristics ~ n Animals that develop a mouth from the indented space in the gastrula are protostomes. n Animals that develop an anus from the opening in the gastrula are deuterostomes.

~ Body Plans ~ n Animals that are irregular in shape are asymmetrical. n Animals that are regular in shape are symmetrical.

~ Body Plans ~ n An animal has radial symmetry if it can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into equal halves. n An animal has bilateral symmetry if it can be divided down its length into similar right and left halves forming mirror images of each other.

Which figure has bilateral symmetry? Which has radial symmetry?

~ Body Plans ~ n Acoelomates – animals have three cell layers with a digestive tract but no body cavities. n Pseudocoelomates – animals with a fluidfilled body cavity partly lined with mesoderm. n Coelomates – animals with a body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm.

~ Protection and Support ~ n Though not all animals have a skeleton, those that do can be divided into two groups: – Those with an exoskeleton – a hard, waxy coating on the outside of the body that protects internal organs, provides a framework for support, and a place for muscle attachment. – Those with an endoskeleton – support framework within the body that protects some organs and a brace for muscles to pull against.

~Invertebrates~ n 8 main phyla n No backbones n 95% of all animals are in this group

~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~ n Sponges n simplest n live form of animal life in water n Do not move around n no symmetry n Pores (holes) all over body

~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~ n Filter Feeders: a sponge filters particles of food from water using collar cells and then pumps the water out the osculum.

~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~ n Examples: Tube Sponge, Glass Sponge, Sea Sponge

~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~ n Live in water n Most n catch n gut have tentacles food with stinging cells for digesting

~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~ § 2 different shapes § Medusa - like a jellyfish § Polyp - like a hydra

~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~ n Examples Jellyfish, Hydra, sea anemones, and corals

~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~ § Flatworms § Flat, ribbon-like body § Live in water or are parasites § bilateral symmetry

~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~ § Examples: Planaria § eyespots detect light § food and waste go in and out the same opening

~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~ § Examples: Tapeworm § Parasite that lives in intestines of host absorbing food

~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~ § Examples: Fluke § parasite § lives inside of host

~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~ n Roundworms – Round, tubular body – small or microscopic – bilateral symmetry – have both a mouth and anus – Live in water or are parasites

~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~ n Examples: – Hookworm – Trichinella

~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ n Soft bodies n Hard n Live Shells on land or in water n have a circulatory system and a complex nervous system. n Important food source for humans

~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Gastropoda – snails and slugs – may have 1 shell – stomach-footed move on stomach

~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Bivalves – 2 shells hinged together – clams, oysters, scallops and mussels

~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Cephalopods – squids and octopuses – internal mantel

~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ – Segemented worms – Body divided into segments(sections) – Live in water or underground – have a nervous and circulatory system

~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ n Class n eat Earthworms soil and breakdown organic matter, wastes provide nutrients to soil

~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ § Class bristleworms

~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ n Class leeches n parasites that feed on blood of other animals

~Invertebrate Phylum Echinodermata ~ n Hard, n Live spiny skin in salt water n Radial symmetry n name means ‘spiney skinned’ n endoskeleton

~Invertebrate Phylum Echinodermata ~ n Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar and sea cucumber

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ n Body divided into sections/segments n Exoskeleton n Jointed n well legs developed nervous system n largest group of organisms on earth

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ n 3 subphylums: n Classified into classes according to the number of legs, eyes and antennae they have.

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata is divided into 3 classes Arachnida – spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites Merostomata – horseshoe crabs Pycnogonida – sea spiders

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata n Class n no – Arachnida antennae n 4 pairs of legs n 2 body regions - cephalothorax & abdomen n spiders, scorpions, mites & ticks

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata n Class Merostomata n Horseshoe crabs – Ancient group of species – Changed little over 350 million years – Aquatic, mostly found on Atlantic & gulf coasts of United States.

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata n Class Pycnogonida – Sea spider

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum - Crustacea 5 Classes n Aquatic ones have gills n 2 antennae n 2 body regions or segmented n Shrimp, n Many lobsters, crabs, barnacles, isopods species taste delicious in butter

n Subphylum Uniramia: 3 classes n Class Insecta (insects) n Class Chilopoda (Centipedes) n Class Diplopoda (Millipedes)

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia n Class n no Insecta antennae n 3 pairs of legs n 2 body regions - head, thorax & abdomen n grasshoppers, ants, butterflies, bees

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia n Class Diplopoda n Millipedes n segmented n Have animals 2 pairs of legs per segment n Primarily herbivores & decomposers

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia n Class Chiopoda n Centipedes n Have n Are Usually terrestrial carnivores 1 pair of antennae often poisonous, using modified front claws to immobilize prey

~ Phylum Chordata ~ subphylum Vertebrata 5 classes § Fish § Mammals § Reptiles § Amphibians § Birds