King John and the Magna Carta Background l

King John and the Magna Carta

Background. . . l John’s older brother Richard inherited the throne in 1189 l Richard spent most of his 10 year reign away from England fighting in tournaments, crusades, waging war in Europe l Richard l taxed his subjects heavily But they loved him b/c he was a hero

King John l Richard died in 1199, John became King l Ruled very differently than his brother l Stayed at home tending to day business l However, John continued his brother’s heavy taxation l B/C John lacked his brothers image and charisma, his people hated him b/c of his constant demands for money

John and the French King l Early in his reign, John tried to overtake land from the French King l He won some battles, but ultimately lost. l In 1214, John decided to try again. l He asked his Barons all over England to supply soldiers and money to fight the war. l Many refused

John’s response. . . l John l He attacked the castles of the rebellious barons fought the war in France, same result l The Barons sensed John was weak l The Barons met with John and demanded change l Both sides began to assemble armies

The Battled Ensued. . . l John l The openly refused to negotiate the terms of his power rebel Barons overtook London l They fortified their own castles and were ready for war l John had his own forces, but was unsure if he could win.

Runnymede l Both sides met here in June of 1215, to talk and try to pursuade the neutrals. l Most l The of John’s forces were scattered throughout England. entre rebel force was there to meet John. l John gave in and agreed to the Rebel demands

Magna Carta l Revolutionary document that secured the law is higher than the King l Major reforms l Religious freedom l Trial by jury l Freedom from taxation w/o cause l Due process l This document was the first step toward representative Government.