King Fahd University of Petroleum Minerals Electrical Engineering

King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Electrical Engineering Department EE 206 Introduction to Electrical Systems and Computations Signal Processing

What is Signal Processing? Signal Processing is the application of mathematical algorithms on analog/digital siganls to achieve specific objectives. 2

Signal Processing o o o o Communication Systems Control Systems Data Storage Systems Seismological Exploration of Oil and Gas Medical Imaging Systems Speech Processing Image Processing 3

Seismology: Oil and Gas Exploration 4

Seismology: Oil and Gas Exploration Recording Truck Vibrator Truck Geophones 5

Seismology: Oil and Gas Exploration Recording Truck Vibrator Truck Geophones 6

Seismology: Oil and Gas Exploration Recording Truck Vibrator Truck Geophones 7

Seismology: Oil and Gas Exploration Recording Truck Vibrator Truck Geophones 8

Seismology: Oil and Gas Exploration 9

Image and Video Compression o Digital images are stored in the form of pixels. o The number of pixels in 1 inch 2 is a measure of the image resolution. o Digital videos are stored as a series of images. o Colored images/videos are formed by combining different ratios of three colors in each pixel (Red, Green, and Blue). Therefore, each pixel is represented by three bytes of data, one byte for each color. 10

Image and Video Compression 11

Size of: HD Coloured Image (still pictures) o 2, 073, 600 pixels o 3 Bytes/pixel o 6, 220, 800 Bytes HD Video (moving images) o o o 2, 073, 600 pixels/frame 3 Bytes/pixel 6, 220, 800 Bytes/frame 186, 624, 000 Bytes/second 1, 343, 692, 800, 000 Bytes/2 -Hour 12

Image Compression o Storing the image data in a more compact representation o Lossless compression n Example: GIF n Compression ratio 5: 1 o Lossy compression n Example: JPEG n Compression ratio 50: 1 13

Video Compression o Video compression uses the same concepts of image compression in addition to the fact that consecutive frames often have high similarity o Lossy compression n Example: MPEG n Compression ratio 50: 1 14