KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF GASES LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS

KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF GASES, LIQUIDS, AND SOLIDS Chapter 10 Sections 1, 2, and 3 Pages 329 -330, 333, 337

KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF GASES What is it? � Summarize What states of matter does it apply to? � The kinetic molecular theory applies to solids, liquids, and gases. Definitions � Define all bold words from these sections.

COMPARE/CONTRAST: IDEAL VS. REAL GASES Ideal gas Follows assumptions of the Kinetic Molecular Theory Noble gases are ideal at most temperatures and pressures Diatomic gases like N 2 and H 2 are like ideal gases under most conditions Nonpolar gases are more likely to be ideal Real gas Does not follow all assumptions of the Kinetic Molecular Theory Any gases at high pressures and low temperatures Polar gases are more likely to be real Examples include NH 3 and H 2 O vapor. Not ideal because of increased attraction between particles.

ASSUMPTIONS OF THE K. M. THEORY (1 -5) **This theory applies only to ideal gases at low pressure and normal temperature. Gases have a very low density and a large volume because their molecules are far apart. 1. § Because of this, gases can be easily compressed. § How is this different for liquids? § How is this different for solids?

ASSUMPTIONS OF THE K. M. THEORY (1 -5) 2. The collisions of gas particles with each other and with the walls of their container are elastic collisions. § The total kinetic energy will remain the same as long as temperature is constant. § How is this different for liquids? § How is this different for solids?

ASSUMPTIONS OF THE K. M. THEORY (1 -5) 3. Gas particles are in constant, rapid, random motion and contain kinetic energy. § Kinetic energy overcomes attractive forces until condensation occurs. § How is this different for liquids? § How is this different for solids?

ASSUMPTIONS OF THE K. M. THEORY (1 -5) 4. There is no attraction between gas particles. § Gas particles do not stick together when they collide. § How is this different for liquids? § How is this different for solids?

ASSUMPTIONS OF THE K. M. THEORY (1 -5) 5. As the temperature of a gas increases, the speed of the particles increase, and the kinetic energy of the system increases. Kinetic energy = (1/2) m v 2 where m = mass and v = velocity. § Speed (and therefore energy) increase with temperature. § ALL GASES AT THE SAME TEMPERATURE HAVE THE SAME KINETIC ENERGY. Only mass and speed will vary. § § How is this different for liquids? § How is this different for solids?

APPLICATION Illustrate each of the five assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory using a picture with a caption underneath. Include how the assumptions change for gases, liquids, and solids. Create a graphic organizer (chart, web, foldable, etc) that ties together the five assumptions. � You may shorten the wording for each assumption to fit into your graphic organizer, but it must make sense!

PROPERTIES OF GASES, LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS Chapter 10 sections 1 -3

DEFINE ALL PROPERTIES Gases p. 330 -331 � Liquids p. 334 -336 � Expansion, Fluidity (fluids), Low Density, Compressibility, Diffusion, Effusion Relatively High Density, Relative Incompressibility, Ability to Diffuse, Surface Tension, Capillary Action, Vaporization, Evaporation, Boiling, Formation of Solids, Freezing Solids p. 338 -339 � Definite Shape and Volume, Definite Melting Point, Supercooled Liquids, High Density and Incompressibility, Low Rate of Diffusion

GRAPHIC ORGANIZER Create a 3 -column chart that compares and contrasts the properties of gases, liquids and solids. Group similar properties together to clearly show the progression from gas to liquid to solid. If applicable, indicate which point of the kinetic molecular theory applies to this property. Choose at least 3 sets of properties to illustrate on a separate page. Label the property and use color.

COMPARE/CONTRAST: CRYSTALLINE VS. AMORPHOUS SOLIDS Crystalline solids A solid that consists of crystals (orderly, geometric repeating pattern of particles). 4 possible types of bonding Ionic Covalent network (like quartz) � Metallic � Covalent molecular (contain intermolecular forces, like water) � � Amorphous solids A solid in which the particles are arranged randomly. Include: Glass – used in windows, light bulbs, transformer cores, and optical fibers � Plastic – used in structural materials � Semiconductors – used in solar cells, copiers, laser printers, and flat-screen TVs and monitors. �

CLASSWORK – DUE TODAY (30 MINUTES) Complete chapter 10, sections 1 (p. 332), 2 (p. 336), and 3 (p. 341) section reviews. Write out all answers, including critical thinking.