Kharkiv National Medical University Department of Medical and

Kharkiv National Medical University Department of Medical and Biological Physics and Medical Informatics MODERN PROBLEMS OF BIOPHYSICS (Elective course)

Questions studied in the course • Medical biophysics: history of development, achievements, prospects. • Application of biophysical principles of bioacoustics and ultrasound diagnostics. • Application of biophysical methods of optical spectroscopy. • Application of biophysical principles of laser radiation in medicine. • Application of modern methods of electron microscopy. • Study of physical and biophysical principles of radiography and computed tomography. • Nanotechnology in biology and medicine. • Application of the principles of magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. • Interdisciplinary synergetic dialogue "medicine-biophysics".

Biological physics is a science that studies the physical and physicochemical patterns in the life of plant and animal organisms, the systemic organization of life processes at all levels of living organization (cell, tissue, organs, organisms, biosphere), as well as the mechanism of action of physical factors on organisms.

Modern areas of research -bioinformatics is a thorough section of biophysics of sensory systems psychophysics, communicative and ergonomic biophysics; -biometry - metrological, medical, ergonomic, biotechnical, ecological; -biomechanics connects the functions and structure of the muscularskeletal system with the movement of biosystems - prosthetics, robotics, ergonomics, design, architecture.

Mathematical modeling in medicine

BIOACOUSTICS - a section of biophysics, which studies the origin and properties of acoustic waves, their influence on living organisms, the role of sound as a means of transmitting information in the world of living beings, studying existing in nature methods of sound communication between living beings, mechanisms of formation and perception sounds, and the use of acoustic waves for diagnosis and treatment

Methods of optical spectroscopy used for diagnostic purposes in present medicine occupy one of the leading positions. Advantages such as noninvasiveness, no side effects, non-contact, which is a guarantee of patient safety, sensitivity and high resolution have been the key to the success of these methods in medical diagnosis.

Use of laser radiation - For diagnostic purposes, the laser is used for blood analysis, in spectral systems for analysis of material composition, etc. - The therapeutic effect is achieved by local controlled irradiation of low-intensity tissue affected by inflammation, both outside and inside a particular human organ. - For the manufacture of medical instruments, devices and complex products that are used as implants to restore or improve the functioning of human organs. - In surgery, because thanks to him the pathological focus can be removed without mechanical contact with delicate tissues.

Electron microscope • An electron microscope is a device for observing and photographing a magnified (up to 106 times) magnified image of an object, in which instead of light rays, beams of electrons accelerated to high energies (30 -1000 ke. V and more) are used in a deep vacuum.

X-rays X-ray diagnosis of disease recognition by means of X-rays of the body.

Computer tomography - an X-ray method of research, which is based on computer processing of many X-ray images, to obtain axial layered sections of the studied organs and tissues of the patient.

Nanotechnology in medicine mainly involves chemical effects on a disease through the introduction of drugs; contribute to the development of surgical and diagnostic methods and the elimination of pathologies in the early stages. The introduction of new developments in the field of drugs can restore the damaged structure of DNA.

Nanoparticles-nanosleeves - endowed with unique properties, these elements, which have a microscopic diameter (twenty times less than erythrocytes), are able to move freely through the circulatory system. Antibodies are attached to the surface of the sleeves. The purpose of this nanotechnology in medicine is to destroy cancer cells.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) Method of diagnostics on images from the field of nuclear medicine. It is used when you want to get images of tumors and metastases. The advantage of PET over other diagnostic methods on images is that it shows only living tumor tissue. According to the results of PET, you can see exactly whethere are still living cancer cells, or it is already dead residual tissue. Therefore, PET can be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment and assess the risk of recurrence in the patient.

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