Keys to 2402 Models Photographs and Keys by

Keys to 2402 Models Photographs and Keys by Jeff Beck Department of Math and Natural Sciences Collin County Community College

1. Frontal bone (Os frontale) 2. Temporal bone ( Os temporale) 3. Sphenoid bone (Os sphenoidale) 4. Occipital bone (Os occipitale) 5. Parietal bone (Os parietale) 6. Ethmoid bone (Os ethmoidale) 7. Maxilla (upper jaw) 8. Zygomatic bone (Os zygomaticum) 9. Palatine bone (Os palatinum) 10. Lacrimal bone (Os lacrimale) 11. Inferior nasal concha (Concha nasalis inferior) 12. Nasal bone (Os nasale) 13. Vomer 14. Mandible (lower jaw) 15. – 21. Cervical vertebrae

Endocrine glands and their parts 1. Pituitary gland or hypophysis 2. Adenohypophysis 3. Neurohypophysis 4. Infundibulum 5. Thyroid gland 6. Lateral lobe of thyroid 7. Isthmus of thyroid 8. Parathyroid gland 9. Suprarenal or adrenal gland 10. Capsule of suprarenal gland 11. Cortex of suprarenal gland 12. Medulla of suprarenal gland 13. Pancreatic islets of Langerhans 14. Alpha cells of pancreatic islets 15. Beta cells if pancreatic islets 16. Testis or testicle (male) 17. Seminiferous tubules 18. Epididymis 19. Ductus deferens 20. Ovary (female) 21. Blood vessels to ovary 22. Medulla of ovary 23. Developing follicles in ovary 24. Corpus luteum Body organs and structures closely associated with endocrine glands 25. Diencephalon 26. Trachea 27. Carotid artery 28. Arch of aorta 29. Heart 30. Kidney 31. Pancreas 32. Uterus 33. Oviduct or fallopian tube

BRAIN I. End brain II. Interbrain III. Midbrain IV. Afterbrain V. Marrowbrain I, III Cerebrum 1. Superior longitudinal sinus 2. Tentorium cerebelli 3. Little brain a. arbor vitae cerebelli 4. Trabs cerebri a. rostrum corporis callosi b. genu corporis callosi 5. Septum pellucidum 6. Fornix 7. Anterior commissure 8. Middle commissure 9. Posterior commissure 10. Thalamus 11. Foramen of Monro 12. Aqueduct of the cerebrum 13. Ventriculus quartus 14. Corpus pineale 15. Chiasma opticum 16. Hypophysis 17. Corpus mamillare 18. Quadrigeminal plate 19. Upper velum palati 20. Bridge 21. Lengthening of spinal marrow 22. Spinal marrow

1. Hyoid bone A. Larynx 2. Thyroid cartilage 3. Annular cartilage 4. Epiglottis 5. Arytenoid cartilage 6. Thyrohyoid membrane 7. Thyrohyoid muscle 8. M. cricothyroideus 9. M. arytaenoideus transverses 10. M. arytaenoideus obliquus 11. Posterior crycoarytenoid muscle 12. Laryngeal pouch 13. Superior laryngeal artery 14. Inferior thyroid vein B. Thyroid gland

A. B. I. II. a. b. III. IV. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. k. l. Heart apex Interventricular septum Right auricle Left auricle Right auricular appendage Left auricular appendage Right ventricle Left ventricle Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Tricuspid valve Pulmonary artery Pulmonary veins Bicuspid valve Aorta Semilunar valves Chordae tendinae 2. Papillary muscles 3. Ascending branch of the aorta 4. Right coronary artery 5. Left coronary artery 6. Great heart vein 7. Arch of the aorta

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Apex 31. Pulmonary artery 32. Aorta 33. Pericardium 34. Superior vena cava 35. Right coronary artery 36. Anterior cardiac veins 37. Left coronary artery 38. Anterior interventricular artery 39. Circumflex artery 40. Great cardiac vein 41. Marginal branch of left coronary artery 42. Oblique vein of left atrium 43. Coronary sinus 44. Dorsal interventricular vein 45. Left dorsal ventricular vein 46. Inferior vena cava 47. Azygos vein 48. Left pulmonary veins 49. Right pulmonary veins 50. Marginal branch of right coronary artery 51. Coronary sulcus 52. Anterior interventricular sulcus 53. Crista terminalis 54. Sinoatrial node 55. Atrioventricular node 56. Opening of coronary sinus 57. Limbus fossa ovalis 58. Fossa ovalis 59. Valvula venae cavae 60. Musculus pectinatus 61. Tricuspid valve anterior cusp 62. Tricuspid valve medial cusp 63. Tricuspid valve posterior cusp Aorta Brachiocephalic artery Left common carotid artery Left subclavian artery Superficial cardiac plexus Left vagus nerve Recurrent laryngeal nerve Ligamentum arteriosus Left pulmonary artery Left bronchus Left bronchial artery Pulmonary nerve plexus Intercostal arteries Thoracic duct Azygos vein Esophagus Right vagus nerve Right bronchial artery Trachea Right main bronchus Right pulmonary artery Tracheobronchial lymph nodes Right ventricle Left atrium Right auricle Conus arteriosus Left auricle 64. Crista supraventricularis 65. Tricuspid valve, anterior cusp 66. Tricuspid valve, posterior cusp 67. Tricuspid valve, medial cusp 68. Anterior papillary muscle 69. Posterior papillary muscle 70. Septal papillary muscle 71. Trabeculae carnae 72. Right branch of bundle of His 73. Moderator band 74. Pulmonary conus 75. Pulmonary semilunar valve, posterior 76. Pulmonary semilunar valve, anterior 77. Pulmonary semilunar valve, anterior 78. Foramen ovale 79. Opening of pulmonary vein 80. Bicuspid valve, anterior cusp 81. Bicuspid valve, posterior cusp 82. Anterior papillary muscle 83. Chordae tendinae 84. Posterior papillary muscle 85. Trabecular carnae 86. Aortic semilunar valve, right anterior 87. Aortic semilunar valve, left anterior

The major parts of the circulatory system A. Heart B. Circulatory system C. Vein D. Artery Principal structures of the heart 1. Muscle wall of right ventricle 2. Muscle wall of left ventricle 3. Intraventricular septum 4. Right atrium 5. Left atrial wall 6. Papillary muscles 7. Tricuspid valve 8. Bicuspid valve 9. Pulmonary semilunar valve 10. Aortic semilunar valve 11. Superior vena cava 12. Inferior vena cava 13. Pulmonary artery 14. Pulmonary veins 15. Aorta 16. Inominate atery 17. Left common carotid 18. Subclavian artery 19. Epicardium 20. Myocardium 21. Endocardium 22. Heart 23. Kidneys 27. Abdominal aorta 28. Femoral arteries 29. Arteries 30. Subclavian arteries 31. Arteries 32. Arteries 33. Wall of vein 34. Valve in vein 35. Typical artery 36. Tunica interna of artery 37. Tunica media 38. Tunica externa

1. 2. Human blood circulation model Vena frontalis Vena temporalis supervicialis 3. Superficial temporal artery 3 a. Maxillary artery 4. Occipital artery 5. Supratrochlear artery 6. Angular artery and vein 7. Facial artery and vein 7 a. Lingual artery 9. Retromandibular vein 10. Vena jugularis interna 11. Superior thyroid artery 12. Vertebral artery 13. Thyrocervical trunk 14. Costocervical trunk 15. Transverse scapular artery 16. Subclavian artery and vein 17. Superior vena cava 18. Common carotid artery 18 a. External carotid artery 19. Arch of aorta 20. Descending aorta 21. Axillary artery and vein 22. Vena cephalica 22 a. Anterior humeral circumflex artery 22 b. Posterior humeral circumflex artery 23. Thoracodorsal artery 24. Brachial artery and vein 25. Acromiothoracic artery 26. Left subclavian artery 27. Vena bascilica 28. Superior ulnar collateral artery 29. Ulnar artery 30. Common interosseous artery 31. Vena mediana antibrachii 32. Radial artery 33. Vena cephalica 35. Superficial palmar arch 36. Common volar digital arteries and veins 37. Artery profunda brachii 40. Radial recurrent artery 41. Dorsal carpal branchof the radial artery 42. Posterior branch of the interosseous artery 44. Dorsal metacarpal arteries 45. First dorsal metacarpal arteries 46. Vena pulmonalis 97. Highest genicular artery 47. Pulmonary artery 98. Communicating perforating 48. Truncus pulmonalis artery 49. Lung (left) 99. Vena saphena magna 50. Right atrium 100. Rete venosum dorsale 51. Left atrium pedis 52. Right ventricle 101. Arteria dorsalis pedis 53. Left ventricle 102. Arcute artery 54. Aortic valve 103. Arcus venosus dorsalis 55. Pulmonary valve pedis 56. Interventricular septum 104. Dorsal metatarsal arteries 57. Midriff 104 a. Venae digitales pedis 58. Liver dorsales 59. Venae hepaticae 106. Anterior tibial artery 60. Gastric veins, right and left 61. Common hepatic artery 61 a. Truncus coeliacus 62. Superior mesenteric vein 63. Inferior vena cava 64. Renal artery and vein 65. Superior mesenteric artery 66. Lienal artery and vein 67. Left gastric artery 68. Aorta abdominalis 69. Inferior mesenteric artery 72. Common iliac artery and vein 73. External iliac artery and vein 74. Middle sacral artery 75. Internal iliac artery and vein 76. Ascending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery 77. Descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery 78. Femoral artery 79. Deep femoral artery 80. Popliteal artery and vein 81. Posterior tibial artery 82. Anterior tibial artery 83. Arteria dorsalis pedis 84. Lateral plantar artery 85. Superficial artery 86. Vena profunda femoris 87. Medial femoral circumflex artery 88. External pudendal artery 89. Vena femoralis 91. Vena saphena parva 93. Perforating arteries 95. Medial superior genicular artery 95 a. Lateral superior genicular artery 96. Lateral inferior genicular artery 96 a. Medial inferior genicular artery

1. Transverse sinus a. Straight sinus b. Superior sagittal sinus c. Great vein of the cerebrum 2. Sigmoid sinus 3. Superior petrous sinus 4. Inferior petrous sinus 5. Cavernous sinus 6. Intercavernous sinuses 7. Occipital sinus 8. Internal carotid artery 9. Ophthalmic artery 11. Posterior communicating artery 12. Posterior cerebral artery 13. Basilar artery 14. Superior artery of the cerebellum 15. Artery of the labyrinth 16. Inferior anterior artery of the cerebellum 17. Vertebral artery 18. Anterior spinal artery 19. Inferior posterior artery of the cerebellum 20. Middle meningeal artery 21. Diploic veins 22. Diploe 23. Olfactory bulb 24. Olfactory tract 25. Optic nerve 26. Oculomotor nerve 27. Trochlear nerve 28. Trigeminal nerve 29. Trigeminal ganglion 30. Ophthalmic nerve 31. Maxillary nerve 32. Mandibular nerve 33. Abducens nerve 34. Intermediate nerve 35. Facial nerve 36. Nervus vestibulocochlearis 37. Glossopharyngeal nerve 38. Vagus nerve 39. Accessory nerve 40. Hypoglossal nerve 41. Cervical nerves 42. Hypophysis

The Human Brain TELENCEPHALON 1. Frontal lobe 2. Parietal lobe 3. Occipital lobe 4. Temporal lobe 5. Central sulcus 6. Precentral gyrus 7. Postcentral gyrus 8. Olfactory bulb 9. Anterior commissure 10. Corpus callosum a. Genu b. Trunk c. Splenium d. Rostrum 11. Septum pellucidum 12. Fornix 13. Posterior commissure 14. Insula 15. Internal capsule 16. Lateral ventricle 17. Choroid plexus 18. Hippocampus Diencephalon 19. Thalamus 20. Hypothalamic sulcus 21. Hypothalamus 22. Interthalamic adhesion 23. Pineal body 24. Left mamillary body 25. Pituitary gland 26. Choroid plexus 27. Caudate nucleus 28. Pulvinar 29. Medial geniculate body 30. Lateral geniculate body 31. Quadrigeminal lamina 32. Tegmentum 33. Cerebral peduncle 34. Cerebral aquaduct 35. Cerebellum 36. Pons 37. Medulla oblongata 38. Olive 39. Pyramid 40. first cervical nerve Cervical Nerves I. Olfactory II. Optic III. Oculomotor IV. Trochlear V. Trigeminal VI. Abducens VII. Facial VIII. Vestibulocochlear IX. Glossopharyngeal X. Vagus XI. Accessory XII. Hypoglossal Circle of Willis

ARTERIES 1. Axillary 2. Humeral circumflex 3. Brachial 4. Brachial profunda 5. Superior ulnar collateral 6. Inferior ulnar collateral 7. Anterior ulnar recurrent 8. Radial 9. Ulnar 10. Anterior Interosseous 11. Posterior Interosseous 12. Deep palmar arch 13. Superficial Palmar arch 14. Middle collateral 15. Radial collateral VEINS 16. Median 17. Basilic 18. Axillary 19. Median cubital 20. Cephalic 21. Accessory cephalic

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 9 a. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. Placenta Fetal side of the placenta Maternal side of the placenta, with maternal veins Fetal membrane Umbilical cord Umbilical vein Umbilical arteries Umbilical ligament Liver Ductus venosus Arantii Heart Portal vein Lower vena cava Right vestibule Foramen ovale Upper vena cava Right ventricle Tricuspid valve Pulmonary artery Ventricular septum Left vestibule Left ventricle 22. Bicuspid valve 23. Aortic arch 24. Ductus arteriosus Botalli 25. Descending aorta 26. Diaphragm 27. Thymus 28. Right lung 29. Left lung 30. Windpipe 31. Oesophagus 32. Stomach 33. Duodenum 34. Pancreas 35. Spleen 36. Kidney 37. Adrenal gland 38. Renal duct 39. Bladder 40. Womb 41. Ovary 42. Rectum

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. Occipital lymph nodes Superficial cervical lymph nodes Cubital lymph nodes Deep cervical lymph nodes Axillary lymph nodes Right lymphatic duct Tracheobronchial lymph nodes Hepatic lymph nodes Coeliac lymph nodes Common iliac lymph nodes Inguinal lymph nodes Parotid gland lymph nodes Submandibular lymph nodes Submental lymph nodes Jugular trunk Thoracic duct Subclavian trunk Bronchial lymph nodes Cisterna chyli Gastric lymph nodes Mesenteric lymph nodes a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. Right venous angle Right lung Liver Gall bladder Portal vein Caecum with appendix vermiformis Bifurcation of trachea Stomach Transverse colon

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 9 a. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. Nose Nostril Nasal cavity Pharynx (nasal part) Pharynx (oral part) Pharynx (laryngeal part) Upper lip Lower lip Hard palate Uvula Mandible Teeth Tongue Oral cavity Epiglottis Larynx Thyroid cartilage of larynx Cricoid cartilage of thyroid Vocal cords Trachea Left main bronchus Bronchus Right main bronchus Bronchus Left lung Right lung Rib cage Diaphragm Heart Pulmonary arteries Aortic arch Superior vena cava Bronchioles Alveoli Air sacs Pulmonary venule Pulmonary arteriole Cerebrum Cerebellum Pons Spinal cord Frontal sinus Sphenoid sinus Cervical vertebrae Pulmonary veins

1. Hyoid bone A. Larynx 2. Thyroid cartilage 3. Annular cartilage 4. Epiglottis 5. Arytenoid cartilage 6. Thyrohyoid membrane 7. Thyrohyoid muscle 8. M. cricothyroideus 9. M. arytaenoideus transversus 10. M. arytaenoideus obliquus 11. Posterior crycoarytenoid muscle 12. Laryngeal pouch 13. Superior laryngeal artery 14. Inferior thyroid vein B. Thyroid gland C. Windpipe 1. Bifurcation of the windpipe 2. Right principal bronchus 3. Right vena subclavia 3 a. Right subclavian artery 4. Right common carotid artery 5. Right vena jugularis interna 6. Right vena brachiocephalica 7. Trunk of brachiocephalica artery 8. Left pulmonary artery D. Gullet E. Lung Right lung a. Superior lobe b. Middle lobe c. Inferior lobe Left lung d. Superior lobe e. Inferior lobe

A. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Left half of the nasal cavity Frontal bone with portion of frontal sinus Nasal bone Maxilla Palatine bone Sphenoid bone with sphenoid sinus Superior nasal concha Middle nasal concha Inferior nasal concha Upper nasal meatus Middle nasal meatus Inferior nasal meatus Opening of the Eustachian tube Foramen of the sphenoid sinus Foramen of naso-lacrimal canal Olfactory tract Olfactory bulb Spheno-palatine ganglion 18. Large anterior palatine nerve 19. Ramilication of the large anterior palatine nerve on the lower surface of the hard palate 20. Anterior or superficial branch 21. Spheno-palatine artery and vein 22. Anterior nasal artery and vein 23. Olfactory nerves, outer group B. Right half of nasal cavity with septum 24. Nasal septum 25. Olfactory nerve, inner group 26. Posterior nasal artery and vein 27. Nasopalatine nerve 28. Canal of Scarpa 29. Soft palate 30. Uvula 31. Roof of mouth cavity 32. Mucous lining of nasal and mouth cavity

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Hyoid bone Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Epiglottis Arytenoid cartilages Thyroid Parathyroid glands

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Hyoid bone Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Epiglottis Arytenoid cartilages 8. 9. Corniculate cartilage Trachea

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Intra-pulmonary bronchi Non-cartilaginous bronchioles Respiratory bronchioles Alveoli Mucous membrane Elastic fibers Smooth muscle Pulmonary plexus Mucous glands of the bronchi Fibro-cartilaginous layer Pulmonary pleura Limiting membranes Dense capillaries Collaginous fibers Elastic fibers Epithelium Bronchial vein plexus Pulmonary vein Pulmonary artery Bronchial artery 21. Anastomosis between brachial artery and pulmonary vein 22. Alveolar capillary network 23. Anastomosis of an obstructed artery and pulmonary vein 24. Dense capillary network 25. Anastomosis between pulmonary artery and vein

1. 2. 2 a. 3. 4. 5. 6. a. b. c. d. e. f. 7. 8. 9. a. 10. 11. 12. 13. a. b. c. d. e. 14. a. b. 15. 16. 17. 18. a. b. c. d. 19. 20. 21. Hard palate Soft palate Uvula Genioglossus muscle Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Cardiac orifice Epigastric fossa Lesser curvature Greater curvature Gastric canal Pylorus Duodenum Longitudinal fold of the duodenum Bile duct Excretory duct of the pancreas Gall bladder Pancreas Spleen Liver Right lobe Left lobe Quadrate lobe Portal vein Hepatic artery Small intestine Jejunum Ileo-cecal valve Cecum Vermiform appendix Large intestine Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid flexure Rectum Nasal cavity Larynx

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Mouth Teeth Tongue Parotid salivary gland Submandibular and sublingual salivary glands 6. Pharynx 7. Esophagus 8. Stomach 9. Liver 10. Gallbladder 11. Duodenum 12. Pancreas 13. Jejunum 14. Ileum 15. Ileocecal valve 16. Cecum 17. Ascending colon 18. Right colic flexure 19. Transverse colon 20. Left colic flexure 21. Descendingcolon 22. Sigmoid colon 23. Rectum 24. Vermiform appendix 25. Fundus of stomach 26. Longitudinal muscle layer of stomach 27. Circular muscle layer of stomach 28. Oblique muscle layer of stomach 29. Tunica serosa 30. Rugae of stomach 31. Pylorus (sphincter muscle) 32. Cystic duct 33. Hepatic duct 34. Common bile duct 35. Interior wall intestinal fold 36. Vascular network 37. Intestinal lymph drainage 38. Villi 39. Villus of small intestine 40. Lymphatic vessel 41. Arteriole 42. Venule 43. Capillary network 44. Secretory goblet cells

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Central incisors Lateral incisors Canines or Cuspids First premolars (Bicuspids) Second premolars (Bicuspids) First molars Second molars Third nolars Transverse palatine folds Hard palate Soft palate Pharyngopalatine arch Uvula Alveolar nerve Alveolar artery Vein 17. Crown of tooth (corona dentis) 18. Root of tooth (Radix dentis) 19. Enamel 20. Dentine 21. Pulp cavity 22. Pulp canal 23. Cementum 24. Apical foramen 25. Gum 26. Periodontal membrane 27. Rim of alveolus 28. Alveolar bone 29. Haversian canal 30. Bone of lower jaw

1. 2. 3. 4. D 10/1 lower incisor tooth D 10/2 lower canine tooth D 10/3 lower premolar tooth D 10/4 lower molar tooth with caries D 10/5 upper molar tooth 1. crown of the tooth 2. dental neck 3. prong 4. enamel 5. tooth cement 6. dentin 7. tooth pulp with veins, arteries and nerves 5.

1. Stomach a. Small curvature b. Great curvature 2. Gullet 3. Cardiac orifice 4. Fundus of stomach 5. Main part of stomach 6. Pylorus 7. Ruga gastrica 8. Mucous coat of the stomach 9. Muscular coat of the stomach 10. Left artery of the stomach 11. Right artery of the stomach 12. Superior part of the duodenum

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Serous tunica Subserous tela Longitudinal fibers Oblique fibers and circular layer of fibers Submucous tela Blood vessels and nerves of submucous tela Muscular mucous lamina Fundus glands Epithelium Mucous tunica Gastric foveolae Gastric areas Lymph follicles

1. Villus 2. Intestinal epithelium 3. Capillary network 4. Venule 5. Arteriole 6. Crypt of Lieberkuhn 7. Central Lacteal 8. Lamina propria 9. Muscle fibers 10. Circular muscle layer 11. Longitudinal muscle layer 10. & 11. Muscularis mucosa 12. Arteriole 13. Submucosa 14. Circular muscle layer 15. Longitudinal muscle layer 14. & 15. Muscularis externa 16. Serosa 17. Adipose tissue 18. Auerbach’s nerve plexus 19. Meissner’s nerve plexus 20. Columnar epithelium 21. Goblet cell 22. Paneth cell 23. Lymphocyte

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Right lobe of the liver Left lobe of the liver Quadrate lobe Caudate lobe Fossa for the gall bladder Left liver fissure Portal fissure Round ligament of the liver Gall bladder Cystic duct Hepatic duct Bile duct Hepatic artery Portal vein Hepatic veins Branches of the left segmental cleft Median vein Branches of the ventral segmental cleft Branches of the dorsal segmental cleft Inferior caval vein

ANTERIOR ASPECT 1. Head 2. Body 3. Tail 4. Attachment of transverse mesocolon 5. Common bile duct 6. Principal pancreatic duct (Wirsung’s) 7. Accessory pancreatic duct (Santorini’s) POSTERIOR ASPECT 8. Lingula (uncinate) process 9. Portal vein 10. Superior mesenteric vein 11. Inferior mesenteric vein 12. Splenic vein 13. Splenic artery 14. Superior (dorsal) pancreatic artery 15. Great pancreatic artery 16. Transverse (inferior) pancreatic artery

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. Body of pancreas Head of pancreas Tail of pancreas Pancreatic duct Accessory pancreatic duct Papilla major of duodenum Papilla minor of duodenum Descending portion of duodenum Inferior portion of duodenum Ascending portion of duodenum Right suprarenal gland Left suprarenal gland Right kidney Left kidney Spleen Hilus of spleen Renal surface Gastric surface Diaphragmatic surface Anterior margin Upper extremity 23. Lower extremity 24. Gastrolienal ligament 25. Inferior surface of liver 26. Gall bladder 27. Fundus of gall bladder 28. Neck of gall bladder 29. Cystic duct with spiral valve 30. Hepatic duct 31. Common bile duct 32. Coeliac artery 33. Gastroduodenal artery 34. Pancreactico-duodenal artery 35. Hepatic artery 36. Superior mesenteric artery 37. Intestinal arteries 38. Middle colic artery 39. Splenic artery 40. Suprarenal arteries and veins 41. Portal vein 42. Superior mesenteric vein 43. Intestinal veins 44. Middle colic vein 45. Splenic vein 46. Portal vein 47. Gastric artery 48. Splenic artery 49. Renal artery 50. Renal vein 51. Renal artery 52. Renal vein 53. Hilus of kidney 54. Right ureter 55. Left ureter 56. Portal vein 57. Hepatic veins 58. Hepatic ducts 59. Hepatic artery

1. a. b. c. d. e. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. a. b. c. d. e. 8. 9. Kidney Cortex Medulla Renal pelvis Renal calyx Renal papilla Renal vein Inferior vena cava Renal artery Abdominal aorta Ureter Urinary bladder Apex of bladder Base of bladder Corps of bladder Ostium ureteris Trigone of bladder Urethra Prostate gland 10. Adrenal gland 11. Uterus 12. Truncus coeliacus 13. Common hepatic artery 14. Lienal artery 15. Superior mesenteric artery 16. Inferior mesenteric artery 17. Testicular/ovarian artery 18. Left testicular/ovarian vein 19. Common iliac artery 20. External iliac artery 21. Internal iliac artery 22. Transversus abdominis muscle 23. Quadratus lumborum muscle 24. Iliacus muscle 25. Psoas major muscle 26. Anterosuperior Iliac spine 27. Symphysis

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. Right kidney Left kidney Ureters Bladder Urethra Adrenal glands Inferior vena cava Abdominal aorta Iliac vein Iliac artery Right renal vein Left renal vein Right renal artery Left renal artery Parts of the rib cage Diaphragm Esophagus Psoas major muscle Spinal column Sigmoid colon Cut ends of pelvic bones 22. Right kidney 23. Fibrous outside capsule 24. Renal pelvis 25. Major calyx 26. Minor calyces 27. Sieve-like papillae 28. Cortex 29. Pyramid 30. Papilla of the pyramid 31. Arcuate arteries 32. Interlobar arteries 33. Bowman’s capsule 34. Glomerulus 35. Afferent arteriole 36. Efferent arteriole 37. Proximal tubule 38. Descending loop 39. Ascending loop 40. Loop of Henle 41. Distal tubule 42. Collecting tubule 43. Capillary bed

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Cortex Medulla Renal artery Renal vein Renal pyramid Interlobar arteries Interlobar veins Arcuate veins Minor calyx Major calyx Columns of Bertini Renal Pelvis Renal papilla Ureter Suprarenal gland Suprarenal vein Inferior suprarenal artery

A. B. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Cortex of the kidney Medulary substance Renal vein Renal artery Vein arciform of the kidney Artery arciform of the kidney Capillary bed Veins interlobular of the kidney Arteries interlobular of the kidney 8. Afferent vessel 10. Ureter 11. Pelvis of ureter 12. Large renal calyx 13. Papillary foramina 14. Renal papilla 15. Papillary duct 16. Curvature part of urinary tubules 17. Henle’s loop 18. , Curvature part of urinary tubules 19. Renal corpuscles 20. Renal pyramid 21. Small renal calices 22. Renal columns A. Cortex of the kidney B. Medulla of the kidney C. Medulla of the kidney 1. Corpuscle of the kidney 2. Proximal tubule a. Convoluted part b. Straight part c. Henle’s loop 3. Distal tubule 4. Collecting tubule 5. Papillary duct 6. Arcuate artery and vein 7. Interlobular artery and vein 8. Afferent vessel 9. Efferent vessel 10. Glomerulus 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Afferent vessel Glomerulus Efferent vessel Podocytes Bowman’s capsula Proximal tubule Distal tubule

1. Renal Corpuscle 2. Proximal Convoluted Tubule 3. Descending Limb of the Loop of Henle 4. Ascending Limb of the Loop of Henle 5. Distal Convoluted Tubule 6. Collecting Duct 7. Afferent Arteriole 8. Efferent Arteriole 9. Peritubular Capillaries 10. Vasa Recta 11. Venule

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. Testis Epididymis Ductus deferens Ampulla of ductus deferens Seminal vesicle Ejaculatory duct Prostate gland Bulbourethral gland Urethra Penis Corpus cavernosum of penis Corpus spongiosum of penis Glans of penis Fossa navicularis of urethra Prepuce or foreskin of penis Scrotum Head of sperm Nucleus Vacuole Anterior head cap Posterior head cap Surface membrane Neck Body or middle piece Axial filament Mitochondria Tail Urinary bladder Colon Rectum Anus External iliac artery and vein Hypogastric artery Pubic symphysis Linea alba Sacrum Coccyx bone Cauda equina (sacral nerves) Peritoneal cavity

A. 1. 2. 3. 4. Testicle Posterior margin Anterior margin Superior pole Inferior pole B. Epididymis 5. Head of epididymis 6. Body of epididymis 7. Tail of epididymis 8. Lobules of epididymis 9. Canal of the epididymis C. Internal and external coat of testicle 10. Internal coat 10 a. Lamina parietalis 11. Cremaster muscle 12. External coat of testicle 13. Dartos 14. External membrane 13. & 14. together form the scrotum D. Spermatic cord 15. Spermatic duct 16. Pampiniform plexus 17. Testicular artery E. Seminal vesicle 18. Excretory duct F. Prostate 19. Colliculus seminalis 20. Ejaculatory duct G. Penis 21. Bulbo-urethral gland 22. Urethra masculina a. Intra-bulbar fossa b. Portio intermedia c. Navicular fossa d. External urethral orifice 23. Corpora cavernosa penis a. Deep artery of the penis 24. Septum penis 25. Corpus spongiosum penis 26. Bulb of the penis 27. Fascia penis profunda a. Deep dorsal vein of the penis 27. b. Dorsal artery of the penis 28. Prepuce 29. Frenulum of the prepuce 30. Glans 31. Corona glandis 32. Collum glandis 48. Levator ani muscle 49. Sphincter ani externus 50. Sphincter ani internus 51. Sphincter urethrae 52. Urogenital triangle 53. Ischio-cavernosus muscle 54. Bulbo-cavernosus muscle H. Scrotum 33. Septum scroti 55. Femoral artery a. Internal epigastric artery 56. Femoral vein a. Inferior epigastric vein 57. Internal pudendal artery 58. Internal pudendal vein 59. Pudendal nerve 60. Bladder-body 61. Apex of bladder 62. Middle umbilical ligament 63. Peritoneum 64. Muscles of a vesicle 65. Interureteric fold 66. Ureteral orifice 67. Ureter 34. Pubic bone 35. Pubic symphysis 36. Ischium 37. Ilium 38. Rectus abdominis muscle a. sheath of the rectus abdominis 39. Linea alba 40. Inguinal canal 41. Superficial inguinal ring 42. Internal abdominal ring 43. Fundiform ligament of the penis 44. Obturator externus muscle 45. Obturator internus muscle 46. Fascia obturatoria 47. Origins of the adductor muscles

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. Ovary Fallopian tube Fimbria of the fallopian tube Fallopian tube/uterus junction Uterus Cervix of the uterus Isthmus of the uterus Fundus of the uterus Vaginal orifice Labium minus Labium majus Clitoris Fornix of the uterus Recto-uterine pouch Mature ovum Nucleus Cytoplasm of ovum Zona pellucida Granulosal cells of corona radiata Urinary bladder Urethral orifice Colon (sigmoid) Rectum Anus External iliac artery and vein Hypogastric artery Round ligament Ovarian ligament Pubic symphysis Linea alba Saccrum Coccyx bone Cauda equina (sacral nerves) Peritoneal cavity

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Labium majus pudenda Labium minus pudenda Clitoris Hymen Vagina Body of uterus Neck of uterus Vaginal portion (cervix) Uterine cavity Uterine tube Ovarian fimbria Ovary Ligament of the ovary Round ligament of the uterus Urinary bladder 16. Ureter 17. Rectum 18. Sphincter ani externus 19. Sphincter ani internus

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Lymph nodes Ribs Overlying fat Lymphatic vessels Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior Abdominal oblique external Intercostals Path of thoracic lymph vessels Areola Lactiferous sinus Lactiferous Suspensory ligaments Lactiferous glands Underlying connective tissue

A. B. C. D. E. F. G. Mature ovum Fertilization of ovum Cleavage/Four cell stage Morula Embryonic vesicle Developing embryo/21 days Embryo/Fifth week 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Ovary Primary Oocyte with corona radiata Developing follicles Ovulating follicle Corpus luteum Corpus albicans Mature discharged ovum Fimbriated end of oviduct Ovum in oviduct Oviduct Cleavage of fertile ovum Morula 14. Embryonic vesicle 15. Implantation of vesicle 16. Corpus of uterus 17. Fundus of uterus 18. Myometrium of uterus 19. Cervix of uterus 20. Endometrium 21. Vagina 22. Nucleus of ovum 23. Zona pellucida of ovum 24. Corona radiata of ovum 25. Sperm cell/spermatozoon 26. Yolk sac 27. Embryonic disk 28. Amnion 29. Embryonic placenta 30. Body of embryo 31. Amnion/amnionic cavity 32. Developing heart 33. Yolk sac 34. Yolk sac stalk 35. Allantoic diverticulum 36. Body stalk 37. Extra embryonic coelum 38. Chorion 39. Placental villi 40. Developing umbilical cord 41. Forebrain area 42. Midbrain 43. Hindbrain 44. Eye 45. Developing outer ear 46. heart prominence 47. Liver prominence 48. Differentiating somites 49. Tail 50. Digital rays of hand 51. Toe rays 52. Embryo with membranes

Development of the Human Embryo Human Ovum 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Corona Radiata Zona pellucida Egg-plasma with yolk Female pronucleus Spermatozoid

Development of the Human Embryo Entering of the Spermatozoid 1. 2. 3. 4. Zona pellucida Fertilization membrane (Between 1 and 2 the perivitelline space). Protoplasm Female pronucleus

Development of the Human Embryo Formation of the Second Polocyte 1. 2. 3. 4. Chromosomes Spindle Sperm nucleus First polar body

Development of the Human Embryo Nuclear Copulation 1. 2. 3. 4. Female pronucleus with female chromosomes Sperm nucleus with male chromosomes Centrosome First and second polar body

Development of the Human Embryo Female Pronucleus moves towards the Center 1. 2. 3. Female pronucleus Sperm nucleus First and second polar body

Development of the Human Embryo Unicellular Stage 1. First and second polar body.

Development of the Human Embryo Bicellular stage 1. First and second polar body

Development of the Human Embryo Four-cell stage 1. First and second polar body.

Development of the Human Embryo Sixteen-cell stage 1. Centriole 2. Resting nucleus 3. First and second polar body

The human ovum with a diameter of 120 to 150 micrometers is the greatest cell of the body. In its cell nucleus of about 30 micrometers there is a big nuclear corpuscle. The body consists, for its greater part, of germinal plasma (idioplasma) and contains only little yolk as nutritive plasma (deutoplasm). The human embryo, therefore, must soon take its foodstuffs from the mother. A membrane, the area pellucida, envelops the ovum. It prevents an untimely nidation of the embryo into the mucous membrane of the uterine tube. Fine pores serve to absorb foodstuffs. Male generative cells, spermatozoa, secrete a biochemical catalyzer (hyaluronidase), by the help of which they break through the membrane. Only one male generative cell gets into an ovum to be fecundated. The intrusion of the spermatozoon is called impregnation. Then the ovum accomplishes its last maturation division. Henceforth it is called a “ spermovium”(fertilized egg). Now follows the unification of the nuclei of the ovum and the male generative cell.

In the next genetic phase the fertilized macrogamete divides into 2 cells ( blastomeres): The area pellucida still exists.

After 24 hours other cell divisions have taken place. The daughter cells do not reach the size of the mother cells, so that the whole embryo is not greater than the “ spermovium”. This process is called segmentation.

During the further divisions an odd number of cells may also occur, as the segmentation processes are not always synchronous.

There finally arises an association of smaller cells resembling a mulberry, and therefore called morula. The embryo gets to the uterine cavity within 7 days. The area pellucida envelops it only uncompletely.

On the 7 th day liquid develops within the morula, and the cells limit a cavity (blastocele). This stage is called blastocyst, two types of cells are distinguished. The parietal cells of the blastocyst are the nutrient cells of the embryo (trophoblast). Out of the polar cell complex situated in the interior of the blastocyst (yellow) develops the embryo (embryoblast). The area pellucida has been dissolved.

The blastocyst grows by propogation of the cells and increase of the cavity. The embryoblast subdivides into ectoderm (yellow) and endoderm (red). In the further evolution its cells arrange on the surface and are called ectoderm and endoderm.

In this stage the blasticyst migrates through the uterine mucous membrane (implantation or nidation). The trophoblast cells propagate at the nidation side. The embryo is provided with foodstuffs from the maternal tissues by the release of enzymes which attack the mucous membrane (histiotroph phase). Besides blood lacunae arise in the trophoblast. Later on the embryo gets foodstuffs from the maternal blood over the trophoblast cells (hemotroph phase). The other wall of the blastocyst at first remains membrane which protrudes into the uterine cavity. The embryoblast consists of high cylindrical cells (ectoderm) and flat cubic cells (endoderm), which form together the embryonic plate. Above the ectoderm arises the amniotic cavity like a dome.

Development of the Human Embryo Human Germ when entering the Mucous Coat of Uterus seven days in the Beginning of Implantation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Primary wall of the blastula Cavity of the blastula Primary entoderm Ectoderm of the germ plate Cavity of the amnion Trophoblast Propria of the mucous coat of the uterus Uterine epithelium

Development of the Human Embryo from the 15 th Day 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Ectoderm of the germ plate Cavity of the amnion Entoderm Vitelline sac Clinging peduncle Mesenchymo Exocoel cysts Magma reticulate Trophoblast Female blood sinus Sinus like uterine vein Coil artery 13. Decidua capsularis 14. Terminal coagulum

Development of the Human Embryo Longitudinal Section through a Human Embryo from the End of the third Week 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Nervous plate Chorda Entoderm Mesoderm Cavity of amnion Vitelline sac Rudiment of heart Blood islands Clinging peduncle Chorionic villous

Development of the Human Embryo from the end of the first month 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Vitelline sac Clinging preuncle Cavity of the amnion Amnion Exocoel Decidua capsularis Decidua basilaris Villous Female blood vessels Embryonic blood vessels

The trophoblast grows with villi (chorionic villi) forward into the mucous membrane of the uterus. Between the trophoblast and the embryoblast lies a net-work of star-like branched cells, the extra embryonic mesenchyme. The embryoblast consists of 2 vesicles, the ectoderm vesicle, or amniotic cavity (yellow), and the endoderm vesicle (red), or vitelline sac. Out of the ectoderm will arise the nervous system, the sense organs and the skin, out of the endoderm the digestive system and the lungs.

On the 20 th day the extra embryonic mesenchyme is partially decomposed. It is preserved, in the neighborhood of the embryo, as covering mesemchyme, and at the inner edge of the trophoblast, as border mesenchyme. Between them lies the chorionic cavity. A tissue bridge, the body stalk, as primordium of the umbilical cord extends from the trophoblast to the embryonic primordium. The embryonic allantois, a protrusion of the vitelline sac, grows into the peduncle.

The body stalk displaces with the increase of the amniotic cavity towards the middle of the embryo, and becomes an abdominal peduncle. Blood vessels develop at the vitelline sac and in the abdominal peduncle. In this stage the embryo shows 4 brachial furrows which degenerate again, later on the primordia of eyes, arms, legs and at the back the primitive segments of the mesoderm, from which originate the vertebral column, muscles, blood vessels and kidneys.

In the 2 nd month the amniotic cavity, it contains liquid to protect the embryo, is increased and supplants the chorionic cavity. The umbilical cord is formed by those parts of the vitelline sac that, lying outside of the embryo, are in retrogressive metamorphosis, and by the abdominal peduncle with the blood vessels. The chorionic villi grow at the trophoblast, particularly at the insertion of the umbilical cord (shaggy chorion, the primordium of the placenta). In the other sections these villi perish (smooth chorion). In the embryo the head increases by rapid growth of the primordium of the brain. The primordia of extremeties largely extend forward.

1. 1 a. 1 b. 1 c. 1 d. 1 e. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5 a. 5 b. 5 c. 5 d. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Primordium of the brain Primordium of the telencephalon Primordium of the diencephalon Primordium of the mesencephalon Primordium of the cerebellum (rhombic lips) Primordium of the rhombencephalon Primordium of the nose (olfactory pit) Primordium of the eyes (ocular cups) Primordium of the upper jaw Visceral arches Mandibular arch Hyoid arch 1 st brachial arch 2 nd brachial arch Primordium of the heart Primordium of the liver Upper (anterior) limb buds Lower (posterior) limb buds Primordium of vertebra ( 4 th somite)

UTERUS WITH 1 MONTH EMBRYO 1. Vagina 2. Uterus, cervix 3. Uterine/ fallopian tube 4. Fimbriae of uterine tube 5. Ovary 6. Broad ligament of uterus 7. Uterus 8. Placenta 8 a. Placenta, part of the child 8 b. Placenta, part of the mother 9. Umbilical cord 10. Embryo or fetus 11. Fetal integument (amnion, chorion) 12. Amnion 13. Uterine cavity 14. Decidua parietalis 15. Round ligament of uterus

UTERUS WITH 2 MONTH EMBRYO 1. Vagina 2. Uterus, cervix 3. Uterine/ fallopian tube 4. Fimbriae of uterine tube 5. Ovary 6. Broad ligament of uterus 7. Uterus 8. Placenta 8 a. Placenta, part of the child 8 b. Placenta, part of the mother 9. Umbilical cord 10. Embryo or fetus 11. Fetal integument (amnion, chorion) 12. Amnion 13. Uterine cavity 14. Decidua parietalis 15. Round ligament of uterus

UTERUS WITH 3 MONTH EMBRYO 1. Vagina 2. Uterus, cervix 3. Uterine/ fallopian tube 4. Fimbriae of uterine tube 5. Ovary 6. Broad ligament of uterus 7. Uterus 8. Placenta 8 a. Placenta, part of the child 8 b. Placenta, part of the mother 9. Umbilical cord 10. Embryo or fetus 11. Fetal integument (amnion, chorion) 12. Amnion 13. Uterine cavity 14. Decidua parietalis 15. Round ligament of uterus

UTERUS WITH 4 MONTH EMBRYO IN TRANSVERSE POSITION 1. Vagina 2. Uterus, cervix 3. Uterine/ fallopian tube 4. Fimbriae of uterine tube 5. Ovary 6. Broad ligament of uterus 7. Uterus 8. Placenta 8 a. Placenta, part of the child 8 b. Placenta, part of the mother 9. Umbilical cord 10. Embryo or fetus 11. Fetal integument (amnion, chorion) 12. Amnion 13. Uterine cavity 14. Decidua parietalis 15. Round ligament of uterus

UTERUS WITH 5 MONTH EMBRYO IN BREECH POSITION 1. Vagina 2. Uterus, cervix 3. Uterine/ fallopian tube 4. Fimbriae of uterine tube 5. Ovary 6. Broad ligament of uterus 7. Uterus 8. Placenta 8 a. Placenta, part of the child 8 b. Placenta, part of the mother 9. Umbilical cord 10. Embryo or fetus 11. Fetal integument (amnion, chorion) 12. Amnion 13. Uterine cavity 14. Decidua parietalis 15. Round ligament of uterus

UTERUS WITH 5 MONTH EMBRYO IN TRANSVERSE POSITION 1. Vagina 2. Uterus, cervix 3. Uterine/ fallopian tube 4. Fimbriae of uterine tube 5. Ovary 6. Broad ligament of uterus 7. Uterus 8. Placenta 8 a. Placenta, part of the child 8 b. Placenta, part of the mother 9. Umbilical cord 10. Embryo or fetus 11. Fetal integument (amnion, chorion) 12. Amnion 13. Uterine cavity 14. Decidua parietalis 15. Round ligament of uterus

UTERUS WITH 5 MONTH TWIN EMBRYOS 1. Vagina 2. Uterus, cervix 3. Uterine/ fallopian tube 4. Fimbriae of uterine tube 5. Ovary 6. Broad ligament of uterus 7. Uterus 8. Placenta 8 a. Placenta, part of the child 8 b. Placenta, part of the mother 9. Umbilical cord 10. Embryo or fetus 11. Fetal integument (amnion, chorion) 12. Amnion 13. Uterine cavity 14. Decidua parietalis 15. Round ligament of uterus

UTERUS WITH 7 MONTH FETUS 1. Vagina 2. Uterus, cervix 3. Uterine/ fallopian tube 4. Fimbriae of uterine tube 5. Ovary 6. Broad ligament of uterus 7. Uterus 8. Placenta 8 a. Placenta, part of the child 8 b. Placenta, part of the mother 9. Umbilical cord 10. Embryo or fetus 11. Fetal integument (amnion, chorion) 12. Amnion 13. Uterine cavity 14. Decidua parietalis 15. Round ligament of uterus

TORSO MODEL SECTION 1 M 38 – Sartorius M 40 – Rectus femoris M 41 – Tensor fasciae latae M 42 – Adductor brevis M 43 - Vasti M 45 – Adductor magnus N 5 – Ischiadicus nerve M 44 – Semitendinosus M 34 – Gluteus maximus O 46 – Funiculus spermaticus V 14 – Femoral vein O 49 – Corpora cavernosa, penis A 11 – Femoral artery O 48 – Urethra O 45 – Prostate S 28 – Femur O 47 - Anus

TORSO MODEL SECTION 2 M 38 – Sartorius N 6 – femoralis nerve V 14 – Femoralis vein M 36 – Pectineus M 39 – Iliopsoas M 40 – Rectus femoris M 41 – Tensor fasciae latae M 37 – Levator ani N 5 – Ischiadicus nerve M 34 – Gluteus maximus O 46 – Funiculus spermaticus A 11 – Femoralis artery S 25 – Os pubis O 45 – Prostate S 28 – Femur S 26 – Os ischii O 44 – Rectum S 27 – Os coccygis

TORSO MODEL SECTION 3 M 27 – Rectus abdominis M 28 – Obliquus externus abdominis M 29 – Obliquus internus abdominis M 30 – Transversus abdominis M 31 – Psoas M 32 – Iliacus M 33 – Gluteus medius M 34 – Gluteus maximus M 35 – Multifidus O 39 – Ileum O 40 – Colon A 10 – Common iliac artery V 13 – Common iliac vein S 13 – Corpus vertebrae O 43 – Cauda equina S 24 – Os ilium

TORSO MODEL SECTION 4 M 27 – Rectus abdominis V 10 – Inferior vena cava A 6 – Aorta M 20 – Erector spinae O 38 – Jejunum O 40 – Colon O 42 – Pancreatic duct O 34 – Pancreas O 41 – Vesica fellea O 37 – Duodenum O 30 – Hepar O 36 – Ureter O 33 – Lien O 35 - Ren

TORSO MODEL SECTION 5 M 27 – Serratus anterior M 22 – Intercostales A 6 – Aorta A 9 – Lienalis artery V 12 – Lienalis vein M 25 – Latissimus dorsi M 20 – Erector spinae S 20 – Costa O 30 – Hepar V 11 – Portae vein O 31 – Gaster V 10 – Inferior vena cava O 32 – Diaphragm S 13 – Corpus vertebrae O 33 – Lien O 20 – Medulla spinalis

TORSO MODEL SECTION 6 M 22 – Intercostales V 10 – Inferior vena cava V 7 – Azygos vein A 6 – Aorta M 26 – Serratus anterior M 20 – Erector spinae M 25 – Latissimus dorsi M 13 – Trapezius S 19 – Sternum O 31 – Gaster S 20 – Costa O 30 – Hepar O 22 – Esophagus S 13 – Corpus vertebrae O 24 – Pulmo O 20 – Medulla spinalis

TORSO MODEL SECTION 7 M 15 – Pectoralis major M 22 – Intercostales M 16 – Pectoralis minor A 6 – Aorta V 6 – Superior vena cava N 4 – Brachial plexus M 17 – Deltoid M 23 – Biceps V 9 – Brachialis vein A 8 – Brachialis artery M 18 – Subscapularis M 24 – Triceps M 25 – Latissimus dorsi M 20 – Erector spinae M 19 – Infraspinatus M 13 – Trapezius S 19 – Sternum O 27 – Ventriculus dexter S 20 – Costa O 29 – Atrium dexter O 26 – Ventriculus sinister O 28 – Atrium sinister O 24 – Pulmo O 22 – Esophagus S 21 – Humerus S 13 – Corpus vertebrae O 20 – Medulla spinalis S 22 - Scapula

TORSO MODEL SECTION 8 M 15 – Pectoralis major M 16 – Pectoralis minor V 6 – Superior vena cava A 6 – Aorta V 8 – Axillaris vein N 4 – Brachial plexus A 7 – Axillaris artery V 7 – Azygos vein M 17 – Deltoid M 18 – Subscapularis M 20 – Erector spinae M 19 – Infraspinatus M 21 – Rhomboid M 13 – Trapezius S 19 – Sternum O 24 – Pulmo S 20 – Costa O 25 – Bifurcation of trachea O 22 – Esophagus S 21 – Humerus S 13 – Corpus vertebrae O 20 – Medulla spinalis S 22 - Scapula

TORSO MODEL SECTION 9 V 5 – Anterior jugularis M 7 – Sternocleidomastoid muscle V 1 – Internal jugularis A 5 – Common carotid M 14 – Scaleni M 13 – Trapezius M 10 – Transversospinalis M 11 – Semispinalis capitis M 12 – Splenius capitis O 23 – Thyroid gland O 21 – trachea O 22 – Esophagus S 13 – Corpus vertebrae O 24 – Pulmo O 20 – Medulla spinalis

TORSO MODEL SECTION 10 V 5 – Anterior jugularis M 7 – Sternocleidomastoid muscle V 1 – Internal jugularis A 5 – Common carotid artery N 3 – Superior cervical ganglion A 4 – Vertebralis M 14 – Scaleni M 10 – Transversospinalis M 11 – Semispinalis capitis M 12 – Splenius capitis M 13 – Trapezius O 21 – Trachea O 23 – Thyroid gland O 22 – Esophagus S 14 – Foramen costotransversarium S 13 – Corpus vertebrae O 20 – Medulla spinalis

TORSO MODEL SECTION 11 V 5 – Anterior jugularis M 7 – Sternocleidomastoid V 1 – Internal jugularis A 5 – Common carotid artery M 8 – Longus colli M 9 – Levator scapulae M 10 – Transversospinalis M 11 – Semispinalis capitis M 12 – Splenius capitis M 13 – Trapezius O 17 – Plica vocalis O 16 – Rima vestibuli S 17 – Thyroid cartilage S 18 – Arytenoid cartilage O 18 – Pharynx (pars laryngea) S 13 – Corpus vertebrae O 19 – Cavum subarachnoidale S 15 – Transverse process O 20 – Medulla spinalis S 16 – Spinous process

TORSO MODEL SECTION 12 M 4 – Masseter M 5 – Medial pterygoid muscle M 6 – Longus capitis A 2 – Internal carotid artery A 3 – Basilaris artery V 1 – Internal jugularis A 4 – Vertebralis artery V 4 – Superior jugularis V 2 – Sinus transversus S 8 – Mandibula + Dentes O 13 – Lingua S 9 – Ramus of mandibula O 14 – Pharynx (pars oralis) S 10 – Atlas S 11 – Occipital condyles O 15 – Medulla oblongata S 12 – Mastoid process O 10 – Cerebellum S 7 – Os occipitate

TORSO MODEL SECTION 13 A 1 – Facial artery M 4 – Masseter N 2 – Maxillaris nerve M 6 – Longus capitis A 2 – Internal carotid artery V 1 – Internal jugularis vein A 3 – Basilaris artery V 2 – Sinus transversus V 3 – Sinus sagittalis superior O 6 – Labium oris O 7 – Palatum durum + Processus alveolaris S 3 – Maxilla S 4 – Inferior nasal concha S 5 – Nasal septum O 8 – Pharynx (pars nasalis) S 6 – Mandibular condylar process O 9 – External auditory meatus O 10 – cerebellum O 11 – Ventriculus quartus S 7 – Os occipitale O 12 – Tentorium cerebelli O 5 – Falx cerebri

TORSO MODEL SECTION 14 M 1 – Rectus medialis N 1 – Optical nerve M 2 – Rectus lateralis M 3 – Temporalis S 1 – Ethmoid sinus O 1 – Bulbus oculi O 2 – cerebrum O 3 – Ventriculus tertius O 4 – Choroid plexus S 2 – Os parietale O 5 – Falx cerebri