Key Titles subtitles Vocabulary blue Red important facts

Key: Titles subtitles Vocabulary - blue Red – important facts Study Stars!!!! Enzymes Notes: A. Definition: An enzyme is a protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction

B: Function: needed for ALL chemical reactions in life and are represented in equations above the arrows – SYNTHEHSIS: building molecules + – DIGESTION: breaking down molecules +

C. Important facts: 1. Enzymes Speed up reactions (biological catalysts) • .

2. Each enzyme is specific to substrate – enzymes are named for the reaction they help. – end in -ase • sucrase breaks down sucrose

3. Enzymes are not changed by the reaction • • Enzyme helper protein molecule (same) Substrate molecule that enzymes work on Products what the enzyme helps produce from the reaction Active site part of enzyme that substrate molecule fits into substrate active site product enzyme

4. Enzymes fit like a Lock and Key –Specific shape !!!!

2 1 3

Remember the 8 Enzyme “S” facts 1. Special proteins 2. Saliva- Digestion 3. Synthesis 4. End is – a. Se 5. “sticks” to Substrate 6. SHAPE 7. Specific to reactions 8. Stays the same/ Saved and reused

Notes: What affects enzyme action?

A. Order of amino acids • Wrong order = wrong shape = can’t do its job! chain of amino acids DNA folded protein right shape! folded protein chain of amino acids DNA wrong shape!

B. Temperature – Optimum temperature (BEST / top of mountain) • human enzymes – 35°- 40 C (body temp = 37°C) 98. 7 F • denature protein = unfold = lose shape= no longer work

Temperature reaction rate human enzymes 37° temperature

C. p. H- how acidic or basic the environment is • Effect on rates of enzyme activity – changes in p. H changes protein shape~ Denatures

p. H intestines trypsin reaction rate stomach pepsin 0 1 2 3 4 most human enzymes = p. H 6 -8 pepsin (stomach) = p. H 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 p. H depends on where in body trypsin (small intestines) = p. H 8