Key Terms Hygiene Sphincter muscles Synthetic fibers Training
Key Terms: • Hygiene • Sphincter muscles • Synthetic fibers • Training pants
• Habits and attitudes toward food will influence their food habits throughout life • Self-feeding depends on and helps improved small motor skills • Growing less rapidly than 1 st year – don’t eat as much • Stomachs small; need small nutritious snacks between meals – eat every 3 to 4 hours
• One-year-olds – variety of baby foods as well as finger foods (those easily picked up and eaten); usually 18 mos. or older use spoon; by 2 nd birthday most drink from cup fairly well • Two-year-olds – usually feed themselves and use fork; often take a long time to eat; provides nutrition and improves motor skills • Three-year-olds – have full set of primary teeth; can chew but need meats and other tough foods served in small pieces; handy with eating utensils
• Meals need to be nutritious, appealing, and easy to eat. – Color – Texture – Shape – Temperature – Ease of eating
• • • Include children in meal preparation whenever possible. Follow regular schedule for meals and snacks. Keep meals pleasant. Use a sturdy, unbreakable dish or plate with sides. Choose cup that child can hold easily and doesn’t readily tip. Provide child-sized eating utensils. Toddler should sit in high chair Set a good example in food choices and table manners Avoid using food as a punishment or bribe
• Need help to develop both good attitudes about hygiene – personal cleanliness • One-year-olds begin to want to wash themselves • By 2 most can wash, rinse and dry themselves except for neck and back • By 3 can bathe themselves with little supervision • Bathtubs are dangerous; a child can drown in as little as 1 inch of water; never leave a young child alone in the bath – not even for a minute
• Need to be taught to brush teeth right after eating • Encourage children to begin brushing with small, soft toothbrush and bit of toothpaste • Most dentists recommend begin flossing child’s teeth and showing child how to hold and use dental floss
• Encourage self-dressing when child shows interest • Involves a number of large and small motor skills that must be learned one step at a time • Thirteen or fourteen months – usually starts trying to help (i. e. , holding out arm for the sleeve of shirt) • Self-dressing teaches independence, responsibility and self-esteem
• Comfort – allow freedom of movement • Durability – made to withstand hard wear and repeated washing • Blend of cotton and synthetic fibers offers benefits of both absorbency and durability, wrinkle resistance and quick drying • Economy – grow rapidly and outgrow clothes rapidly
Sleep benefits a child’s developing brain. Children who get enough sleep have better memories than those who don’t sleep enough.
• Most begin after 18 months of age. • Readiness – physically mature enough when able to control sphincter muscles (SFINIGK-tur) – the muscles that control elimination • Giving help – – Calm encouragement Child seat on toilet or potty chair Sometimes frightened by flushing Training pants
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