Key technical vocabulary alliteration repeating the initial letter

Key technical vocabulary alliteration repeating the initial letter for effect end-stopped line with full stop at end personification giving object human features allusion referring to something else enjambment flowing on of line of poetry plosives ‘P’s and ‘Bs’ repeated ambivalent could be one way or the other euphemism substituting to avoid bluntness refrain repeating a single line in a poem anaphora word repeated at start of line extended metaphor over a whole verse/poem repetend recurring word/phrase Anglo-Saxon/Germanic short, simple words figurative language using poetic techniques repetition repeated word/phrase archaic old-fashioned foreground make prominent rhyme words sounding alike assonance repeating vowel sounds form shape of the poem romantic C 18 poetry, natural caesura break in a line of poetry formality formal language sarcasm using irony to mock catharsis emotions released through poetry framing at start and beginning of poem sensory to do with the senses Classical allusion reference to Classical Greece/Rome fricative repetition of ‘f’ and ‘ck’ sounds sibilance repetition of ‘S’ cliché overused phrase gender masculine or feminine or neutral simile comparison using like/as colloquial informal/conversational hyperbole exaggeration for effect spondee heavy emphasis connotations suggestions imagery painting a picture with words stanza verse consonance repetition of a consonant intertextuality referring to other texts stream of consciousness sentences mimicking thought contrast two different things irony words and actions not matching subvert overturn conversational As if in conversation juxtaposition two things together for effect symbol something standing for something couplets Two lines lyric musical quality syntax arrangement words to sentences cyclical Occurring in circles metaphor comparison by saying it is triplets set 3 nouns/verbs/adjectives defamiliarisation Making things unfamiliar monosyllabic language words with one syllable tone attitude, sound dental D’s and T’s repeated narrative voice conveying the story Trope recurrent theme/motif dialect Language particular to region onomatopoeia words which sound as spelled viewpoint of view dialogue Two people speaking together oxymoron opposite words side by side Vilanelle particular verse form diatribe Angry speech pace how fast/slow a poem is direct address Addressing reader paradigm typical example dual perspective Two views expressed parenthesis extra information effusion Spontaneous expression parody hostile imitation elegy Lamenting the dead pastoral lyric depiction rural life

Grammatical terms Thematic terms verb doing or being words noun name people, places, objects, ideas binary and things composed of two things adjective describe nouns and pronouns confessional confessing a wrongdoing pronoun replace nouns (I, you, we) conservative averse to change present participle verbs ending –ing (throwing) consumerism focus on buying active voice subject expresses verb (I throw) dichotomy two opposite ideas together passive voice verb expressed by subject (I am thrown) fragility fragile or weak imperative verb command verb (sit!) industrial to do with industry present tense expressing current state (I sit) liminal on the border or two things past tense expressing past (I sat) mortality subject to death future tense expressing future (I will sit) parochial limited outlook patriarchal male dominated society post-colonial existing after but referring to colonial rule prurient excessive curiosity, often sexual religious to do with religion rural countryside secular not religious transgression going beyond boundaries Biblical referring to the Bible

Poem Poet Themes Quotes Context Eat Me Patience Agabi Aging, food, temptation, gender, power ‘EAT ME’ ‘too fat…’ ‘There was nothing else left in the house to eat’ b. 1965 London Nigerian parents Blurs boundaries in poetry Chainsaw versus the Pampas Grass Simon Armitage Active/passive; masculine/feminine; destruction, nature ‘unlikely match’ ‘ludicrous feathers’ ‘sledgehammer taken to crack the nut. ’ b. 1963 West Yorkshire Material Ros Barber Mothers and daughters, generation, motherhood, nostalgia ‘embarrassment of lace’ ‘hanky queen’ ‘nostalgia only makes me old’ b. 1964 Inheritance Eavan Boland Identity, generation, women, deracination ‘what I have to leave behind’ ‘a history of want and women who struggled’ ‘I must have learned that somewhere’ b. 1944 Irish, poet, mother, exile A Leisure Centre is also a Temple of Learning Sue Boyle Generation, beauty, youth, observation, aging ‘making her body more beautiful’ ‘she is so much younger than the rest of us’ ‘we know what happens next’ History John Burnside Nature, human destruction, togetherness, youth and innocence ‘flew the kites’ ‘war planes’ ‘scarcely apprehend/the moment as is happens’ b. 1955 Scotland September 11 th 2001 Twin Towers The War Correspondent Ciaran Carson War, destruction, nature ‘populate this slum with Cypriot and Turk’ ‘requisition slaughter-houses for the troops’ ‘found their last repose’ b. 1948 Belfast WWI Dardenelles campaign Crusades An Easy Passage Julia Copus Youth, growing up, between girlhood and womanhood ‘Once she is halfway up there…’ ‘world admits us less and less/the more we grow’ ‘mother/who does not trust her daughter with a key’ b. 1969 London The Deliverer Tishani Doshi Infanticide, gender, cultural clashes ‘this is the one my mother will bring’ ‘We couldn’t stop crying’ ‘Feel for penis or no penis’ b. India, Madras Dancer and journalist The Map-Woman Carol Ann Duffy Past, present, boundaries, constraints ‘the prison and hospital stamped on her back’ ‘tasting future time’ ‘the map seethed/On her flesh’ b. 1955 UK’s first female poet laureate The Lammas Hireling Ian Duhig Countryside, witchcraft, transgression, guilt ‘disturbed from dreams of my dear late wife’ ‘I knew him a warlock’ ‘I have sinned. ’ b. 1954 Catholic confession To My Nine-Year-Old Self Helen Dunmore Past and present, growing up ‘You must forgive me’ ‘we have nothing in common’ ‘I leave you in an ecstasy of concentration’ b. 1952 A Minor Role UA Fanthorpe Suffering, society, euphemism ‘conjugate all the genres of misery’ ‘Not the star part. ’ ‘I am here to make you believe’ 1929 -2009 Teacher Receptionist at psychiatric hospital The Gun Vicki Feaver Nature and man, violence, the home ‘Bringing a gun into a house/changes it’ ‘a rabbit shot/clean through the head’ ‘a gun brings a house alive’ b. 1943

Poem Poet Themes Quotes Context The Furthest Distances I’ve Travelled Leontia Flynn Journeys, self-discovery, freedom ‘Yes. This is how/to live. ’ ‘holidaying briefly in their lives. ’ b. 1974 Giuseppe Roderick Ford War, fairytale, compassion, cruelty ‘she screamed like a woman in terrible fear’ ‘refused when some was offered to him’ ‘For which I thank God. ’ b. Swansea, lives Ireland Out of the Bag Seamus Heaney Memory, classical world ‘darken the door’ ‘poeta doctus’ ‘…the doctor brought for us all/When I was asleep? ’ 1939 -2013 Nobel Prize Literature 1995 From Derry N Ireland Effects Alan Jenkins Loss, nostalgia, generation ‘I held her hand’ ‘…nurse bring the little bag of her effects to me’ b. 1955 The Fox in the National Museum of Wales Robert Minhinnick Past and present, nature and man, destruction and creation ‘the fox is in the fossils and the folios’ ‘…the whalebone silver as bubblewrap’ ‘he is the future’ b. 1952 Wales Genetics Sinead Morrissey Genetics, family, inheritance ‘my father’s in my fingers, but my mother’s in my palms’ ‘I know my parents made me by my hands’ ‘So take me with you…’ b. 1972 Belfast From the Journal of a Disappointed Man Andrew Motion Work and contemplation, physical/active and passive ‘very powerful men’ ‘That left/the pile still in mid-air, and me of course’ b. 1952, Poet Laureate 1999 Look We Have Coming to Dover Daljt Nagra Immigration, hardship/poverty, new beginnings ‘Stowed in the sea’ ‘inland, unclocked by the national eye’ ‘Babbling our lingoes, flecked by the chalk of Britannia!’ b. 1966, West London Concern with British born Indians Fantasia on a Theme of James Wright Sean O’Brien Industry, classical underworld, history, past and present ‘They are sinking slowly further/In between the shiftless seams’ ‘The living will never persuade them/That matters are otherwise, history done. ’ b. 1952, grew up in Hull James Wright: US poet whose work defended the disenfranchised Please Hold Ciaran O’Driscoll Modernity, modern world, inhuman responses ‘This is the future’ ‘Please hold. ’ Grow old. Grow cold. ’ b. 1943 Irish You, Shiva and my Mum Ruth Padel Family, generation, perspectives, relationships ‘Shall I tell…’ ‘How I wait on the miracle/Of your breath in my ear’ b. 1947 London Shiva: Hindu god Song George Szirtes Oppression, overcoming the insurmountable ‘Nothing happens until something does. ’ ‘…broken voices of the hushed’ b. 1948; Hungarian refugee in UK 1956 On Her Blindness Adam Thorpe Seeing, denial, generation, death ‘It’s living hell, to be honest’ ‘bumping into walls like a dodgem’ ‘she was watching, somewhere, in the end’ b. 1956 Paris; cosmopolitan childhood in India, Cameroon and England Ode on a Grayson Perry Urn Tim Turnbull Youth, recklessness, beauty, creation ‘Hello! What’s all this here? ’ ‘They will stay out late/forever’ ‘…beauty in the gift of the beholder’ b. 1960 Yorkshire