Key Issue To what extent should we embrace

Key Issue: To what extent should we embrace an ideology? Related Issue 1: 1 To what extent should ideology be the foundation of identity? To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated? To what extent are individualism/collectivism and identity interrelated? 1. 3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language, media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)

To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated? What is Identity? � Personal Identity is the idea that you have of yourself as a unique individual. � Collective Identity is one that you share with a group of people as a member of a large social group such as a linguistic, faith, cultural, or ethic group. 1. 3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language, media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)

To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated? What is Identity? � Shaped 10 -19 by our beliefs and values – it’s what we value as important � Influenced by: Family Language Media Religion Group experience Gender Beliefs Government Culture Values Personal experience Relationship to land / environ. 1. 3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language, media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)

Factors that influence beliefs and values � Take 15 minutes to look over the handout concerning values and beliefs. � Read the sources and respond to the questions below.

To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated? Beliefs & values… 23 -24 � Express one’s point of view as well as a collective’s perspective � They impact your identity � It’s important to recognize beliefs and values are not universal truths ◦ Just because one believes something, doesn’t make it necessarily right (Apartheid in South Africa) � We need to be able to negotiate with the beliefs and values of others (especially in a democracy) – acceptance of others 1. 3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language, media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)

To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated? What is an ideology? � A set of principles / ideas to explain our world and our place in it � Helps us answer questions �What are humans like? �(human nature – good, evil, neutral) 25 -27 �Why do humans act the way they do? �(act based on beliefs and values) �What is our role as individuals in society? �(act individually or collectively; expectations placed on citizens is determined by their country’s ideology) �What is the nature of society? �(more individualist or collectivist) 1. 3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language, media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)

IDEOLOGY a set of principles or ideas that explains your world and your place within it, which is based on certain assumptions about human nature and society and provides an interpretation of the past, an explanation of the present and a vision for the future.

To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated? 28 -30 What is an ideology? �The Characteristics of an ideology answers an ideology provides to these questions form the characteristics of that ideology. Each ideology have these characteristics: � 1. The nature of human nature: beliefs about how and why people act. Are they good or bad? Do they look out for the whole or just themselves? � 2. The structure of society: Social, economic, political structures 1. 3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language, media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)

To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated? What is an ideology? Characteristics of an Ideology � 3. Interpretations of history: The events of our past tend to influence the beliefs and values that we hold � 4. Visions of the future: Visions of how the world should be in the future, which will guide the actions of the people who embrace the ideology. 1. 3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language, media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)

To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated? What is an ideology? � Please complete the Ideology In History worksheet. Please hand in at the front of the class! 1. 3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language, media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)

To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated? What is an ideology? 25 -27 Themes of Ideologies Nation Race Gender Class Religion 1. 5 examine the characteristics of ideology (interpretations of history, beliefs about human nature, beliefs about the structure of society, visions for the future) Environment and Relationship to land

To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated? � Blueprint for a society – how should we live together, what is expected of us � Ideologies lead people to make judgments ◦ Certain actions on issues are correct (either with us or against us) ◦ Certain actions on issues are incorrect (terrorists vs. freedom fighters) 1. 5 examine the characteristics of ideology (interpretations of history, beliefs about human nature, beliefs about the structure of society, visions for the future)

To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated? � Ideologies determine our behaviour and actions ◦ Radical, reactionary, moderate ◦ Communist, utopian socialist, social democrat, liberalist, conservative, fascist ◦ Acceptance of authority versus rights to dissent ◦ Spectrums on acceptance / rejection of … �Change, use of violence, protection of individual rights, protection of collective rights 1. 5 examine the characteristics of ideology (interpretations of history, beliefs about human nature, beliefs about the structure of society, visions for the future)

To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated? � Ideology is not static! ◦ Beliefs change over time ◦ Impacted/influenced by other ideologies � Immigrants challenge cultural uniformity �Challenges to racism

How does ideology impact identity? � We embrace ideologies that match our beliefs / values � Once an ideology is accepted, people may examine and re-interpret their own life according to the ideology � Our ideology impacts our actions, choices, perspective on the world, and how we relate to others 1. 5 examine the characteristics of ideology (interpretations of history, beliefs about human nature, beliefs about the structure of society, visions for the future)

Analyzing ones identity � Please take 30 minutes to complete the ANALYZING ONES IDENTITY worksheet, and please hand in after you have completed it. 1. 3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language, media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)

Related Issue 1: To what extent should ideology be the foundation of identity? 1. 2. To what extent are individualism and collectivism foundations of ideologies? Exploring Individualism: The Roots of Individualism in History Individualism can be: 1. Political 2. Economic 3. Social 1. 7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights and freedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)

The Emergence of Individualism in Society 500 - 1300 Medieval Society 1300 s - 1600 The Renaissance 1600 s – 1700 s The Enlightenment • Very little individualism • Society was under feudalism • Religion had a lot of control over society • Important development: the Magna Carta 1. 7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights and freedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)

The Emergence of Individualism in Society 500 - 1300 Medieval Society 1300 s - 1600 The Renaissance • There is a renewed interest in the individual • But, most people did not did possess rights or freedoms. Some enjoyed privileges 1. 7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights and freedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property) 1600 s – 1700 s The Enlightenment

The Emergence of Individualism in Society 500 - 1300 Medieval Society 1300 s - 1600 The Renaissance 1600 s – 1700 s The Enlightenment • Europe undergoes significant change • First scientists, then philosophers, explore the idea of “natural law” • This is the Age of Reason 1. 7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights and freedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)

LIBERALISM emerges in the 1700’s � Liberalism is an ideology based on the importance of individual liberty. ◦ The American Revolution (1776) & the French Revolution (1789) are fought for the liberal ideas of individual rights and freedoms. �A liberal democracy guarantees the rights and freedoms of its citizens. 1. 7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights and freedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)

Political Liberalism � all members of society should enjoy the same rights and freedoms. � Participation in government (democracy) is one important right. � Rights and freedoms should be guaranteed by law. 1. 7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights and freedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)

Economic Liberalism � Individuals should have the right to property, and government should not interfere in the economy (the market). � The individual decisions of buyers and sellers should shape the economy, not the actions of government. 1. 7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights and freedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)

Social Liberalism � All members of society are equals and should be treated as such, regardless of individual differences. � All people should have the same access to society’s rights, freedoms, and quality of life. 1. 7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights and freedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)

Principles of Individualism � Private Property � Rule of Law � Individual rights and Freedom � Competition � Economic Freedom � Self Interest 1. 7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights and freedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)

To what extent are individualism and collectivism foundations of ideologies? Exploring Collectivism • The principles of collectivism are the foundation of ideologies such as communism and socialism. • Most liberal democracies today have incorporated aspects of collectivism into their political, economic, and 1. 8 analyze collectivism as a foundation of ideology social systems (principles of collectivism: collective responsibility, collective interest, cooperation, economic equality, adherence to collective norms, public property)

The Principles of Collectivism v Public Property v Responsibility (collective) v Interests (collective) v Norms (adherence to the collective) v Co operation v Economic Equality 1. 8 analyze collectivism as a foundation of ideology (principles of collectivism: collective responsibility, collective interest, cooperation, economic equality, adherence to collective norms, public property) 27 Chapter 2 – Ideologies of Individualism and Collectivism

Economic Equality may mean… � People with larger incomes should pay more taxes � All people should earn equal wages for work of similar nature � A Guaranteed annual income (GAI) � All people should share in the wealth of the country � People should own the means of production collectively � Everything should be free - no private property 1. 8 analyze collectivism as a foundation of ideology (principles of collectivism: collective responsibility, collective interest, cooperation, economic equality, adherence to collective norms, public property) 28 Chapter 2 – Ideologies of Individualism and Collectivism

Progressive Taxation � In Canada we have tried to bring about more economic equality (redistribute the wealth) by introducing Progressive Taxation. � Progressive Taxation means that people who earn more money are taxed at a higher rate. 1. 4 examine historic and contemporary expressions of individualism and collectivism 29 Chapter 2 – Ideologies of Individualism and Collectivism

� Karl Marx believed in “abolition of private property” in his Communist Manifesto that argued that workers should profit from their own labour. Thus, in a communist state, all industries are controlled by the state for the common good. � Liberal democratic countries such as Canada also may have public property - such as National parks, schools, roads, libraries, Crown land Crown corporations. 30 1. 4 examine historic and contemporary expressions of individualism and collectivism

Crown Corporations in Canada � Via Rail, CBC, and Canada Post, are examples of Crown Corporations maintained with public money raised through taxation. 1. 4 examine historic and contemporary expressions of individualism and collectivism 31 Chapter 2 – Ideologies of Individualism and Collectivism

Social Programs and Public Services � Canada is a good example of a society in which individualist and collectivist values are used side by side. � While we have individual rights and freedoms, the rule of law and economic freedom, we also benefit from a wide variety of social programs and public services provided by our government, such as health care, employment insurance, welfare, and public education. 1. 4 examine historic and contemporary expressions of individualism and collectivism 32 Chapter 2 – Ideologies of Individualism and Collectivism

Contemporary Individualism and Collectivism When speaking of individualism and collectivism, people sometimes try to suggest that the two viewpoints are incompatible. While there are times that they are at odds, there are often aspects that compliment each other. Sometimes individualism and collectivism work together for the common good of society. 1. 4 examine historic and contemporary expressions of individualism and collectivism

Contemporary Individualism and Collectivism Americans are well known for their emphasis on the principle of individualism � Even so, the majority of North Americans believe that government should provide help to those who need it, and idea that is essentially collectivist

Attitudes about Individualism and Collectivism in N. America 66% 65% 64% believe people determi ne their own success in life 64% 63% Un da na Ca ite d St at es 62% 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% believe the governmen t should supply a 'safety net' Eu ro pe Un i te d St at es

Contemporary Individualism and Collectivism � Social capital is the strength of social relationships between individuals � Some researchers have claimed that increased individualism in a society leads to an increased sense of commitment to the collective � Indications lead us to believe that individualism and collectivism are not opposing concepts

Contemporary Individualism and Collectivism: � Entrepreneurialism-people pursue success individually but successful businesses do things beneficial to the collective like provide jobs or do positive things � Social Programs- A country like Canada can be individualistic but also has social programs (health care, welfare, etc) that provide for all � NGOs- these are created with specific goals in mind to benefit the community but are also privately created and funded � Read the other examples on pages 90 -95.

Balancing Individual Needs With the Public/Common Good Smoking Ban, Cell Phone Ban, Curfews, Etc. In groups of 3 -4, using the examples above, write a statement in which you respond to the following: How does our society balance the needs of individuals with those of the public good? For each of the issues, be sure to include a list of: Societies needs Individuals needs A balanced response

Political & Economic Spectrums and Ideologies What is a political and/or economic spectrum? A political (economic) spectrum is a way of modeling different political (economic) positions by placing them upon one or more geometric axes symbolizing independent political (economic) dimensions What might these spectrums include? Examples? Political Right Wing Left Wing Communism Socialism Fascism Dictatorships Conservatism Liberalism Lets take a look… Take a Spectrum Test Or This Short One Economic Centrally Planned Laissez Faire Free Market Command Capitalism Collectivism Individualism