KEY CONCEPT Cells divide during mitosis and cytokinesis

KEY CONCEPT Cells divide during mitosis and cytokinesis.

Mitosis and cytokinesis produce two genetically identical daughter cells from a parent cell. • Parent cell- is the starting cell of mitosis • Daughter cells- identical cells produced from parent • Interphase prepares the cell to divide. (G 1, S, G 2) • During interphase, the DNA is duplicated. Parent cell centrioles spindle fibers centrosome nucleus with DNA

• Chromosome- structure found in the nucleus that contains DNA for genetic make up chromatid • Chromatid-One half of a duplicated chromosome telomere • Sister chromatids- refer to centromere both halves of a chromosome • Centromere- holds together sister chromatids • Telomeres- protect DNA and do not include genes. telomere Condensed, duplicated chromosome

Mitosis divides the cell’s nucleus in four phases in addition to interphase and cytokinesis

Interphase • Interphase prepares the cell to divide. (G 1, S, G 2) • During interphase, the DNA is duplicated.

PROPHASE • • • chromosomes condense spindle fibers form Nuclear membrane disappears

METAPHASE • • chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell spindle fibers attach.

ANAPHASE • sister chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell by the spindle fibers pulling them apart.

TELOPHASE • • • the new nuclei form chromosomes begin to uncoil. Nuclear membrane reappears

CYTOKINESIS • the division of the cytoplasm – In animal cells, the membrane pinches closed. – In plant cells, a cell plate forms.