Keep thy heart with all diligence for out

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Keep thy heart with all diligence; for out of it are the issues of

Keep thy heart with all diligence; for out of it are the issues of life. Proverbs 4: 23 (KJV)

Heart of Darkness – Joseph Conrad

Heart of Darkness – Joseph Conrad

King Leopold II o o o Association Internationale Africaine (1876) Congo Free State (1885)

King Leopold II o o o Association Internationale Africaine (1876) Congo Free State (1885) Force Publique (1890’s) n o By 1905, 16 k Af. mercenaries led by 350 Euro. Officers 1908, under pressure, Leo turned over the Congo to Belgian Parliament, rec’d benefits for "his great sacrifices made for the Congo"

The Congo in 1890

The Congo in 1890

Steamers on the Congo

Steamers on the Congo

Leon Rom o o o “The Butcher of the Congo” Arrived in 1886 at

Leon Rom o o o “The Butcher of the Congo” Arrived in 1886 at age 25 Made District Commissioner of Matadi Later headed Force Publique Notorious for flower bed Permanent gallows

First International Human Rights Movement

First International Human Rights Movement

The “chicotte” in action…

The “chicotte” in action…

Satire in Action o o o Mark Twain published pamphlet in 1905 It pretends

Satire in Action o o o Mark Twain published pamphlet in 1905 It pretends to be King Leopold speaking in his own defense, but is actually a harsh condemnation of his actions “By This Sign We Prosper”

King Leopold II’s Death, 1909 o o Historians estimate 8 -10 million perished from

King Leopold II’s Death, 1909 o o Historians estimate 8 -10 million perished from the violence, forced labor, and starvation caused by Leopold's lust for power and profits American poet Vachel Lindsay wrote this epitaph: n Listen to the yell of Leopold's ghost Burning in Hell for his hand-maimed host, Hear how the demons chuckle and yell Cutting his hands off, down in Hell.

Outside Issues to Consider Or some things of interest that help decode Conrad’s Heart

Outside Issues to Consider Or some things of interest that help decode Conrad’s Heart of Darkness…

Who are these men?

Who are these men?

Modernity and Modernism o o Technological Change + Foreign Culture = Acute Sense of

Modernity and Modernism o o Technological Change + Foreign Culture = Acute Sense of World’s Lack of Permanence Charles Darwin: n o On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (1859) Karl Marx: n Communist Manifesto (1848)

Who are these psychologists?

Who are these psychologists?

Sigmund Freud o o 1856 -1939 1900 The Interpretation of Dreams The Instincts :

Sigmund Freud o o 1856 -1939 1900 The Interpretation of Dreams The Instincts : Eros and Thanatos Structures of the Mind: Conscious vs. Unconscious n n n Id Superego Ego

Karl Jung o o 1875 -1961 1907 – Freud’s follower 1909 – Falls out

Karl Jung o o 1875 -1961 1907 – Freud’s follower 1909 – Falls out of favor with Freud The “Collective Unconscious” n n Reservoir of humanity’s experiences Universal themes and archetypes – result of CU

What is this?

What is this?

Dante’s Inferno o The Commedia is divided into 3 parts called Cántica n n

Dante’s Inferno o The Commedia is divided into 3 parts called Cántica n n n o Inferno – Power of the Father Purgatorio – Wisdom of the Son Paradiso – Love of the Holy Spirit Each Cántica contains 33 Cantos n n n Canto I is the introduction, Canto II is the entry into the Inferno 3 x 33=99+1=100=102 Ten is the Perfect Number o o the square of the Trinity plus the Unity of God 32+1=10

The Infernal Layout o Sins of the Leopard—sins of incontinence n n n Circle

The Infernal Layout o Sins of the Leopard—sins of incontinence n n n Circle One - Those in limbo Circle Two - The lustful Circle Three - The gluttonous Circle Four - The hoarders Circle Five - The wrathful

The Infernal Layout Continued o Sins of the Lion—cold-blooded sins of malice n n

The Infernal Layout Continued o Sins of the Lion—cold-blooded sins of malice n n Circle Six - The heretics Circle Seven - The violent o o o Ring 1. Murderers, robbers, and plunderers Ring 2. Suicides and those harmful to the world Ring 3. Those harmful against God, nature, and art, as well as usurers

The Infernal Layout Continued o Sins of the She-Wolf—coldest-blooded sins of bestiality n Circle

The Infernal Layout Continued o Sins of the She-Wolf—coldest-blooded sins of bestiality n Circle Eight - The Fraudulent o n Malebolge – The Evil Ditches Circle Nine – Traitors and the Treacherous – Cocytus o o o Region i: Traitors to their kindred—Caina Region ii: Traitors to their country—Antenora Region iii: Traitors to their guests—Ptolomea Region iv: Traitors to their lords—Judecca Center: Lucifer

Realism A movement that emerged in mid-nineteenthcentury France. Realist artists represented the subject matter

Realism A movement that emerged in mid-nineteenthcentury France. Realist artists represented the subject matter of everyday life (especially that which up until then had been considered inappropriate for depiction) in a realistic mode.

Jean-Francois Millet: The Gleaners, 1857

Jean-Francois Millet: The Gleaners, 1857

Edouard Manet: Le Dejeuner sur l’herbe, 1863

Edouard Manet: Le Dejeuner sur l’herbe, 1863

Thomas Eakins: The Gross Clinic, 1875

Thomas Eakins: The Gross Clinic, 1875

Impressionism A late nineteenth-century art movement that sought to capture a fleeting moment by

Impressionism A late nineteenth-century art movement that sought to capture a fleeting moment by conveying the illusiveness and impermanence of images and conditions.

Capturing a fleeting moment: o o o Anchored in the Industrial Age, primarily in

Capturing a fleeting moment: o o o Anchored in the Industrial Age, primarily in and around Paris Industrialization and Urbanization An off-shoot of Realism, which is focused on the present, Impressionism focused even more intently on a single moment.

Claude Monet: Soleil levant (Sunrise), 1872

Claude Monet: Soleil levant (Sunrise), 1872

Claude Monet: Saint-Lazare Train Station, 1877

Claude Monet: Saint-Lazare Train Station, 1877

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec: At the Moulin Rouge, 1892 -95

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec: At the Moulin Rouge, 1892 -95

Vincent Van Gogh: Starry Night, 1889 (Post-Impressionism)

Vincent Van Gogh: Starry Night, 1889 (Post-Impressionism)

Symbolists In the late nineteenth-century, a group of artists and poets who shared a

Symbolists In the late nineteenth-century, a group of artists and poets who shared a view that the artist was not an imitator of nature but a creator who transformed the facts of nature in a symbol of the inner experience of that fact

Symbolism o o Rise of Avant-Garde Freedom of imagination, expression, and form Haunted by

Symbolism o o Rise of Avant-Garde Freedom of imagination, expression, and form Haunted by imaginary things Describes the “modern psychic life”—the expression of intangibles

Henri Rousseau: The Sleeping Gypsy, 1897

Henri Rousseau: The Sleeping Gypsy, 1897

Edvard Munch: The Cry, 1893 “I stopped and leaned against the balustrade, almost dead

Edvard Munch: The Cry, 1893 “I stopped and leaned against the balustrade, almost dead with fatigue. Above the blue-black fjord hung the clouds, red as blood and tongues of fire. My friends had left me, and alone, trembling with anguish, I became aware of the vast, infinite cry of nature. ” –epitaph for The Cry by E. Munch