Kanemite Promising Tool for Combating Mites PINE AGROCHEMICAL

가네마이트 Kanemite® -Promising Tool for Combating Mites - PINE AGROCHEMICAL CO.

가네마이트 액상수화제 작용기작 Major metabolite of Kanemite inhibits production of ATP in mitochondoria of spider mite, through blocking respiratory electron-transfer chain, binding to Qo center of complex Ⅲ. pyrvate e - O 2 succinate e - ComplexⅡ matrix side ComplexⅠ ubiquinone cytosole site Complex Ⅳ Complex Ⅲ cyto. c Target site of Kanemite ( Qo center )

History of Kanemite Development 1975 Dupont started the development of this compound worldwide. 1985 Agro-Kanesho started the efficacy evaluation and formulation study of this compound. 1990 Agro-Kanesho succeeded in the stable formulation of acequinocyl SC. 1992 Dupont transferred the development and sales right to Agro-Kanesho. Agro. Kanesho started the toxicity studies of Acequinocyl. 1997 Agro-Kanesho files the application for the registration of Kanemite SC in Japan. 1999 Registered in Japan and Korea. 2003 Registered in Chile

Kanemite Efficacy Profiles • Unique mode of action Ø Inhibits electron transfer by binding to Complex III in mitochondria Ø No cross resistance with conventional miticides, including METIs • Contact and quick knock down action to motile • Excellent efficacy on spider mites, e. g. ERM & TSSM • Cover all mite stages from egg to adult • Long residual performance • Excellent efficacy on low temperature

Pysico-Chemical Features ISO name : acequinocyl Chemical name: 3 -dodecyl-1, 4 -dihydro-1, 4 -dioxo-2 naphthylacetate vitamin K 1 acequinocyl ubiquinone Physical/Chemical properties Melting Point : 58～ 59 OC Vapour pressure : 1. 69 x 10 -6 Pa (25 OC) Solubility in water : 6. 7 x 10 -6 g/l (20 OC) Photo-decompositon : easily decomposed Stable p. H range: p. H 5. 0 – 8. 0 n=6～ 10

How Kanemite Works? Major metabolite of Kanemite inhibits production of ATP in mitochondria of spider mite, through blocking respiratory electron-transfer chain, binding to Qo center of complex Ⅲ. Amino acid Glucose Triglyceride Mitochondri a Succinate Fumarate NAD + II NADH I 4 H+ e- METIs fenazaquin fenpyroximate pyrimidifen pyridaben tebufenpyrad 0. 5 O 2 UQ III IV 2 H+ matrix side ATPase cyto. c acequinocyl cyenopyrafen cyflumetofen H 2 O 3 ADP+ H+ ATP Pi 4 H+ chlorfenapyr cytosole site

Sensitivity Mites Species Spider mites Tetranychus urticae Tetranychus kanzawai Tetranychus parakanzawai Panonychus citri Panonychus ulmi Panonychus osmanthi Amphitetranychus viennensis Brevipalpus obovatus Oligonychus ununguis LC 50 (ppm) 0. 9 1. 7 1. 1 4. 9 2. 6 1. 7 0. 7 4. 7 2. 0 Activity on adult stage The acaricidal activity against Spider mites

Performance by Temperatures Temperature(℃) LC 50 (ppm) 15 5. 4 20 4. 9 25 5. 1 30 4. 2 35 2. 8 Kanzawa spider mite female adult

Sensitivity Mite Stage egg larva proto chrysalis proto nymph deuto chrysalis deuto nymph teleio chrysalis adult LC 50 (ppm) 2. 9 0. 9 1. 6 1. 7 3. 7 4. 2 2. 0 Kanzawa spider mite

Quick Knockdown Feature Tertanychus urticae Knock down Mortality Kanemite 150 ppm

Quick Knockdown Feature Panonychus citri Mortality Kanemite 150 ppm Knock down

Mites Resistance to METIs citrus red mite

Spray timing Location: Cornell Univ. NY Application date: 7/10/2003 Spray Volume enough (Handgun Sprayer) (Gala) Location: Cornel Univ. NY Application date: 7/16/2007 Spray Volume: 100 GPA (Airblast sprayer) (Red Delicious)

Safety Profiles • Low mammalian toxicity – Low oral, dermal and inhalation toxicity – Non irritant to skin and eye – Non sensitizing • Low toxicity to non-target organisms except Daphnia magna • Broke down readily in water and soil • Adsorbed tightly to soil particle Safe to workers, consumers and environments

Toxicity Predatory/Parasitoid Arthropods

Toxicity Bees

Toxicity Other Beneficials

Summary Impact to Pollinators and Beneficials Species Category Result Aphidius rhopalosiphi Encarsia formosa Parasitic Wasp harmless Typhlodromus pyri Amblyseius andersoni Amblyseius womersleyi Typhlodromus occidentalis Phytoseiulus persimilis Predatory Mite Predatory Mite harmless slight harmful harmless Poecilus cupreus Aleochara bilineata Parodosa spec. Chrysoperla carnea Harmonia axyridis Carabid Beetle Rove Beetle Spider Green Lacewing Lady Bird harmless harmless Safe to beneficials and fit to IPM management

Maximum Residue Level in USA Commodity MRL (mg/kg) Almond, hulls 2. 0 Goat, fat 0. 02 Apple, wet pomace 1. 0 Goat, meat byproducts 0. 02 Bean, edible podded 0. 25 Hop, dried cones 4. 0 Bean, succulent shelled 0. 30 Horse, fat 0. 02 Berry, low growing, subgroup 13– 07 G 0. 50 Horse, meat byproducts 0. 02 Caneberry subgroup 13– 07 A 4. 0 Melon subgroup 9 A 0. 15 Cattle, fat 0. 02 Cattle, meat byproducts 0. 02 Nut, tree, group 14 0. 02 Cherry, sweet 0. 50 Okra 0. 70 Cherry, tart 1. 0 Pistachio 0. 02 Citrus, oil 30 Sheep, fat 0. 02 Cowpea, forage 6. 0 Sheep, meat byproducts 0. 02 Cowpea, hay 18 Soybean, vegetable, succulent 0. 25 Vegetable, fruiting, group 8 0. 70 Cucumber 0. 15 Fruit, citrus, group 10 0. 20 Fruit, pome, group 11 0. 40 Fruit, small vine climbing, except fuzzy kiwifruit, subgroup 13– 07 F 1. 6

Maximum Residue Level in Europe Crops MRL (mg/kg) Oranges and Mandarins 0. 4 Grapefruits, Lemons, Limes and other citruses 0. 2 Almond 0. 02 Pome fruits (Apples, Pears and other Pome fruits) 0. 1 Peaches (Nectarines and similar hybrids) 0. 04 Table and vine grapes 0. 3 Tomatoes and Aubergines 0. 2 Hops 15. 0

Maximum Residue Level in Japan Crops MRL (mg/Kg) Citrus: Orange, Grape fruits, Lime, Summer orange Mandarin Orange Lemon, Other Citrus Crops Cucumber 2 0. 2 1 Apple 1 Pear 2 Peach 0. 1 Nectarine 2 Plum 1 Cherry 2 Grape 0. 5 MRL (mg/Kg) 0. 5 Watermelon 0. 1 Melon 0. 1 Strawberry 2 Eggplant 1 Mango 2 Papaya 2 Tea 50

MRL US EU JPN Apple 0. 4 0. 1 0. 7 Grape, Table 1. 6 0. 3 0. 5 Lemon 0. 2 1. 0 Lime 0. 2 1. 0 Strawberry 0. 5 0. 01 2. 0 Orange, Sour 0. 2 0. 4 1. 0 Orange, sweet 0. 2 0. 4 2. 0 Blueberry 0. 5 0. 01 Raspberry 4 0. 01

The Rain Fastness of Kanemite Mortality(%) 0 DAT* 1 DAT 2 DAT Conc. (ppm) U** R*** U R 25 100 100 100 12. 5 100 100 100 6. 25 100 83 93 86 100 94 3. 13 79 38 72 19 42 28 1. 56 6 0 6 11 7 5 0. 78 5 0 0 6 10 5 LC 50 2. 5 3. 9 3. 0 4. 0 2. 8 3. 6 Kanzawa spider mite, leaf disk spray method *Just after spraying of the chemical and dried ** Without and ***with rainfall

Formulation Stability by Temperature Storage (℃) room temp. 40 50 54 60 70 Shelf life 5 - 6 years 3 - 4 months 5 days 20 - 30 min 10 - 15 min Do not leave the product to the place to be hot (inside car or road surface)

Storage in Warehouse • Storage stability in warehouses have been implemented in Mediterranean countries for 4 years and highest temperature can be seen in Crete 2009 Max Ave Min Aug 31. 5 30. 6 28. 5 Sep 28. 5 25. 0 24. 0 Oct 24. 0 19. 3 18. 0 Nov 19. 0 18. 6 18. 0 Dec 19. 0 17. 5 13. 5 Jan 16. 5 15. 6 13. 5 Feb 18. 0 15. 5 13. 5 Mar 20. 0 16. 9 13. 5 Apr 22. 5 19. 2 16. 5 May 28. 0 23. 9 20. 5 Jun 34. 5 28. 3 24. 5 Jul 33. 0 31. 1 28. 5 Aug 34. 5 31. 6 26. 5 Seasonal 34. 5 22. 5 13. 5 2010 Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Season al Max Ave Min 31. 5 28. 6 26. 0 27. 5 24. 0 19. 0 23. 0 20. 6 19. 0 21. 5 17. 0 10. 5 28. 0 15. 7 13. 5 17. 0 14. 9 12. 5 19. 5 15. 5 9. 5 21. 0 18. 9 16. 0 25. 5 22. 4 18. 5 32. 5 27. 8 24. 0 34. 5 31. 3 27. 0 38. 0 30. 9 25. 0 38. 0 22. 3 9. 5 • The quality of Kanemite was kept under given conditions • If higher temperatures in warehouse is foreseen, temperature measurement is highly recommended

Benefits • A new class of acaricide with good knockdown and excellent residual performance for both red mite and two-spotted spider mite • When used early, it can provide season long protection • Safe on beneficials and has a favorable worker safety profile • Safe to the key mite predators and has an excellent fit in an Integrated Pest Management system. • There is no cross resistance to other acaricides

Precautions to be respected • Kanemite SC is compatible with the other pesticides. EXCEPT highly alkaline materials, including Bordeaux mixture or Lime sulfur • Kanemite cause no phytotoxicity on labeled crops. EXCEPT young leaves of Roses depending on varieties and stages. Small scale test is recommended before application to field • During transportation and storage, Kanemite SC should be kept under 40 OC and avoid sunshine exposure