K Water Design Test Batch Reactor 30 L
K Water 시흥 Design Test • Batch Reactor – 30 L water for the test – collimated beam보다 더 정확 • 1 k. W 중압램프 사용 – Full Scale 반응조와 동일 스펙트럼 출 력 – 중압램프 스펙트럼 출력에 대한 scale up 오류 최소화 • Used 14 cm Path Length – Collimated Beam보다 더 정확한 Shutter Quartz Sleeve Vessel 35 cm Dia. 15 cm Path Length Lamp MP 1 k. W 30 L Water Stirrer scale up • 동일 시료로 여러 번 노출 – 주입량 및 표본오차 감소 7
시흥 수질 분석 Analysis Parameter TSS (Total Suspended Solids) TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) Conductivity p. H COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) TOC (Total Organic Carbon) Iron (Fe Total) Mg (Magnesium Hardness) Ca (Calcium Hardness) Hardness (Total) Alkalinity (Methyl ) Common Anions (IC) Fluoride (F-) Chloride (Cl-) Bromide (Br-) Nitrate (NO 3 -) Phosphate (PO 4 -) Sulfate (SO 4 -) 단위 결과 ppm <2 120 176. 6 6. 84 4 1. 13 <0. 04 22. 5 58. 8 81. 3 55 <0. 1 10. 6 <0. 2 10. 7 <0. 5 13. 1 ppm u. S/cm No Units ppm ppm (as Ca. CO 3) ppm ppm ppm
시흥 수질의 UV 투과도 파장 흡광도 투과도 200 210 220 230 240 254 260 270 280 290 300 1. 607 1. 321 0. 656 0. 154 0. 033 0. 016 0. 015 0. 012 0. 01 0. 009 0. 008 0. 007 2. 5 4. 8 22. 1 70. 1 92. 7 96. 4 96. 6 97. 3 97. 7 97. 9 98. 2 98. 4
Design Test Results Sample ID UV Dose 1 -0 p. H H 2 O 2 (ppm) MIB (ppt) 0. 00 6. 79 9. 7 190 1 -1 0. 13 6. 77 9. 5 52 1 -2 0. 25 6. 78 9. 4 19 1 -3 0. 37 6. 82 9. 1 9. 9 1 -4 0. 48 6. 82 8. 9 4. 6 (k. Wh/m 3)
Design Test Results, 9. 7 ppm H 2 O 2
EED required vs. UVT for different TOC curves (10 ppm H 2 O 2) • 다른 설계 TOC 결과 는 다른 EED 값을 초 래 • Design test의 TOC Data를 사용할 경우 약 50% 높은 EED 시 스템이 요구됨
Pressure drop of Sentinel 18 x 20 k. W Reactor
Pressure drop – 2, 3 and 4 trains Trains Pipe Diameter mm Length of pipe m Total Flow, m 3/d Flow/Train, m 3/d Reactors per train Flow m 3/s Pipe velocity m/s Velocity Head Pipe, mm Entrance/Exit Loss, mm Valves, mm wc Friction, mm Reactors, mm Total Pressure Drop, mm wc Sentinel 1200 mm Reactor 2 3 4 1200 5 5 5 129, 000 64, 500 43, 000 32, 250 2 1. 5 1 0. 747 0. 498 0. 373 0. 66 0. 44 0. 33 22 10 6 26 11 6 13 6 3 0. 8 0. 4 0. 2 82 31 13 122 49 23 16 Lamp 760 mm Reactor 4 760 5 129, 000 32, 250 2 0. 373 0. 82 34 39 20 2. 6 151 213
Variable Reactor Path Length Reactor wall Flow Lamp/Quartz
Lamp Output and UV Transmittance
UV Fluence (Dose)
Germicidal Action Spectra
Germicidal Dose (Fluence)
Peroxide Relative Absorbance
Peroxide Weighted Dose (Fluence) 31
Peroxide weighted UV fluence rate
Full Scale and Bench Testing at Portland UV Validation Site
Portland UV Validation Site UVT 96. 8 – 98. 6 % TOC 0 – 1. 4 mg/L Hardness 38 – 144 mg/L Alkalinity 34 – 169 mg/L p. H 5. 8 – 8. 8 Temp 11 – 18 C Chlorine 0 mg/L Ø 좋은 수질의 지하수 공급 Ø Columbia Slough로 배수 Ø 자외선 흡수제 (LSA, Superhume), 미생물 (MS 2, T 1, T 7), 화학첨가제 (MIB, geosmin)를 포함 할 수 있음
Portland UV Validation facility 48” Calgon Sentinel Chevron 18 x 20 k. W UV lamps
Annular Batch Test Reactor
Measurement of DL • Batch Reactor • 30 L water for the test • collimated beam보다 더 정확 • 1 k. W 중압램프 사용 • Full Scale 반응조와 동일 스펙트럼 출 력 • 중압램프 스펙트럼 출력에 대한 scale up 오류 최소화 • Used 14 cm Path Length • Collimated Beam보다 더 정확한 scale up Shutter Quartz Sleeve Vessel 14” Dia. 15 cm Path Length Lamp MP 1 k. W 30 L Water Stirrer
log concentration Bioassay Dose-Response (MS 2) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 50 100 Germicidal UV Dose (m. J/cm 2) 150
Taste and Odor (MIB) Dose Response Peroxide Weighted
Test Plan and Scale-Up Methodology Test ID AOP 3 AOP 4 AOP 5 AOP 6 AOP 7 AOP 8 AOP 9 UV Transmittance 94. 9 95. 4 89. 6 95. 4 90. 6 90. 1 84. 6 (%) H 2 O 2 Concentration 4. 53 4. 22 9. 35 4. 56 9. 82 4. 02 15. 22 (mg/L) • 7가지 시험 조건, 상이한 UVT, [H 2 O 2], 램프 수량 (9 개 @ AOP 6) • 바이오 에세이 검정법과는 달리, bench-scale 용량반응곡선을 통해 각 시험 조건에 적용할 ‘log destruction (DL) 당 투여량’이 결정되어야 한다.
Batch Test Results
Results: MIB destruction Test Condition 4 90% UVT, 10 ppm H 2 O 2: 1. 02 log MIB
Results: Geosmin destruction Test Condition 6 90% UVT, 10 ppm H 2 O 2: 1. 61 log Geosmin
Indirect Potable Reuse Scottsdale Arizona
Relative Absorption Coefficient
Dose per Log (DL) of 714 m. J/cm 2/log - typical for NDMA
CFD for Scottsdale NDMA Destruction NDMA Weighted Fluence >> NDMA Log Destruction
San Francisco, CA (12) Chevron Reactors 320 MGD Questions?
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