JWSTPRES012898 James Webb Space Telescope Science Updates John

JWST-PRES-012898 James Webb Space Telescope Science Updates John C. Mather JWST Senior Project Scientist NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

JWST and related space missions • • WMAP 6/30/01 to Sept. 2010: 3. 2 – 13 mm; Big Bang HST upgraded! COS and WFC 3 - 0. 1 to 1. 7 µm Spitzer: was 3. 6 – 180 µm, now 3. 6 & 4. 5 µm Kepler: launched 3/6 to find transiting Earths Planck launched 5/14: 350 – 10, 000 µm; Big Bang Herschel launched 5/14: 60 – 670 µm WISE - launch 11/1/09 - 3. 3, 4. 7, 12, and 23 μm survey TESS – SMEX proposal for all-sky transiting planet survey – visible/near IR • JANUS – SMEX proposal for GRBs to z = 12 • JDEM/IDECS – study dark energy • LISA – study black hole mergers to edge of the Universe May 19, 2009 JWST Ottawa 2

End of the dark ages: first light and reionization … to identify the first luminous sources to form and to determine the ionization history of the early universe. Hubble Ultra Deep Field May 19, 2009 JWST Ottawa 3

SN 2006 gy – brightest supernova • Could be the first observation of a pair-production instability, from the death of a very massive star. – Stars are normally held up by the balance of light pressure and gravity – Gamma rays producing electron/positron pairs scatters light, reducing pressure. Instability creates runaway collapse. • A nearby analog for the first stars in the Universe. γ e– + e + γ • Progenitor was similar to Eta Carina. May 19, 2009 JWST Ottawa Hubble Image of Eta Carina 4

Pair-production SNe as First Stars • Good news: JWST can easily detect these when stars first formed (but not as transients). May 19, 2009 • Interesting news: pair-production instability doesn’t necessarily require primordial composition. JWST Ottawa 5

Gamma Ray Burst 4/23/09 most distant object yet found (z = 8. 2) – supernova jet aimed at us! JANUS GRB (SMEX) search proposed, could see to z = 12 May 19, 2009 JWST Ottawa 6

6. 42 When was re-ionization? 6. 00 Redshift Neutral IGM z<zi Wavelength z~zi Wavelength Lyman Forest Patchy Absorption May 19, 2009 z>zi . Wavelength 5. 74 Black Gunn. Peterson trough JWST Ottawa Fan, Carilli & Keating 2006, ARAA, 744, 415

Dark Energy! May 19, 2009 JWST Ottawa Mac. Arthur Fellow 2008 - Adam Riess S. Perlmutter, A. Riess, B. Schmidt 8

JWST, Dark Energy, Dark Matter • JDEM/IDECS Science Coordinating Group report (Neil Gehrels, GSFC), http: //jdem. gsfc. nasa. gov/docs/SCG_Report_final. pdf • Problem: determine acceleration parameter now and in the past • Multiple techniques required due to likely systematic errors • JDEM/IDECS wide-field surveys will find targets for JWST • JWST contributes by – Measuring very distant supernovae (standard candles? ) – Measuring effects of dark matter too (distorted images of distant objects, masses of galaxies and clusters out to high redshift, rotation curves, etc. ) – Cosmic archeology at high redshift (prior to acceleration, formation of galaxies and clusters) May 19, 2009 JWST Ottawa 9

How does environment affect star-formation and viceversa? What is the sub-stellar initial mass function? • Massive stars produce winds and radiation – Either disrupt star formation, or causes it. • The boundary between the smallest brown dwarf stars and planets is unknown – Different processes? Or continuum? • Observations: – Survey dark clouds, “elephant trunks” and star-forming regions The Eagle Nebula as seen in the by infrared HST May 19, 2009 JWST Ottawa 10

Exoplanets • – – – As of 13 May, 347 total: Radial velocity: 321 planets, 33 multiple planet systems Transiting: 59 planets, no multiples (most good JWST targets) Microlensing: 8 planets, 1 multiple system Imaging: 11 planets, 1 system (a triple) (all good JWST targets) Timing: 7 planets, 2 multiple planet systems • Kepler launched Mar. 6, 2009, will monitor ~ 100, 000 stars, find handful of Earths, thousands of others • TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite), proposed SMEX, would survey nearest stars, best candidates for detailed follow-up with JWST • JWST Transits Working Group established – M. Clampin May 19, 2009 JWST Ottawa 11

Planetary systems and the origins of life Kalas, Graham and Clampin 2005 May 19, 2009 JWST Ottawa 12

Images of Exoplanets • "It's like a London bus - you've been waiting for one for ages and suddenly four come along at once. ” – M. Mc. Caughrean, BBC May 19, 2009 JWST Ottawa 13

Fomalhaut • • 14 Advanced Camera for Surveys achieved the optical detection of an exoplanet around a star 25 light years from Earth. – First optical detection of a massive planet since Neptune in 1846. – Like the discovery of Neptune the existence of Fomalhaut b was predicted in advance by theory. Planet’s mass lies between that of Neptune and Jupiter – Constrained by disk dynamics Named #2 Science Discovery of 2008

Planets Seen! β Pictoris b A. -M. Lagrange et al. 2008 VLT May 19, 2009 HR 8799 b, c, d Marois et al. 2008 Gemini & Keck Massive dust disk as if Mars collided with Earth Fomalhaut b Kalas et al. 2008 JWST Ottawa HST 15

Primary • • • Secondary Planet blocks light from star Visible/NIR light (Hubble/JWST) Radius of planet/star Absorption spectroscopy of planet’s atmosphere JWST: Look for moons, constituents of atmosphere, Earth-like planets with water, weather May 19, 2009 • • • JWST Ottawa Star blocks light from planet Mid-Infrared light (Spitzer/JWST) Direct detection of photons from planet Temperature of planet Emission from surface JWST: Atmospheric characteristics, constituents of atmosphere, map planets 16

Dwarf Planets and Plutoids May be 2000 more when whole sky is surveyed With moving object tracking JWST is perfect tool May 19, 2009 JWST Ottawa 17

Where they are May 19, 2009 JWST Ottawa 18

Science Working Group (SWG) = Standing panel of science subject matter experts to advise Project and HQ JWST Science Working Group Senior Project Scientist John Mather (Chair) GSFC Senior Project Scientist Mark Clampin GSFC Observatory project Scientist Rene Doyon University of Montreal TFI Science Lead Kathy Flanagan STSc. I S&OC Head Marijn Franx Max Planck Institute NIRSpec Science Representative Jon Gardner GSFC Deputy Senior Project Scientist Matt Greenhouse GSFC ISIM Project Scientist Heidi Hammel Space Science Institute Interdisciplinary Scientist John Hutchings Herzberg Inst of Astrophysics CSA Project Scientist Peter Jakobsen ESTEC ESA Project Scientist Simon Lilly Swiss Institute of Technology Interdisciplinary Scientist Jonathan Lunine University of Arizona Interdisciplinary Scientist Mark Mc. Caughrean University of Exeter Interdisciplinary Scientist Matt Mountain STSc. I Telescope Scientist George Rieke University of Arizona MIRI Science Lead Marcia Rieke University of Arizona NIRCam PI George Sonneborn GSFC Ground Segment Project Scientist STSc. I Interdisciplinary Scientist Science Working Group M. Rieke NIRCam Science Team • • Jakobsen G. Rieke NIRSpec Science Team MIRI Science Team Doyon FGS Science Team Flanagan S&OC WIT Team Several SWG and other science team members are here today Many scientists, but only one source of science requirements exist across the JWST Program JWST Science Requirements JWST-RQMT-002558 JWST Mission Requirements JWST-RQMT-000634 JWST Observatory Spec JWST-SPEC-002020 ISIM Requirements JWST-RQMT-000835 May 19, 2009 JWST Massimo Ottawa 19

More Info • 600 MB tutorial: Decadal Survey White Papers http: //sites. nationalacademies. org/bpa/BPA_050603 • 7 JWST White Papers submitted: – The Scientific Capabilities of the James Webb Space Telescope – Jon Gardner – Comparative Planetology: Transiting Exoplanet Science with JWST – Mark Clampin – Planetary Systems and Star Formation with JWST – George Rieke – Study of Planetary Systems and Solar System Objects with JWST – George Sonneborn – Stellar Populations with JWST: the Beginning and the End – Margaret Meixner – Galaxies Across Cosmic Time with JWST – Rogier Windhorst – First light and reionization : open questions in the post-JWST era – Massimo Stiavelli May 19, 2009 JWST Ottawa 20

More Info: Download for free at: jwst. gsfc. nasa. gov May 19, 2009 JWST Ottawa 21

• Questions? May 19, 2009 JWST Ottawa 22