Journal 2 Should we celebrate Columbus Day Why

Journal # 2 • Should we celebrate Columbus Day? Why or why not? (answer in a paragraph or two and turn in)

America After Europeans Arrived

Sept. 6, 2016 • Bell Ringer– Journal # 2 • Discuss Europeans arriving in America • Primary Analysis– p. 7 of Voices of Freedom • HW: Read Vision pages 33 -51, Study for map quiz • Map Quiz Thursday

How did European arrival change Indian life/culture?

Is the discovery of America one of the most important events in the history of the world? Explain your answer.

People from other continents reached America before 1492, so why was it different when Columbus reached America? Why did Europe begin to explore more? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Arms Race Printing Press Gold Religion Dominance Disease

Sept. 8, 2016 • Map Quiz • Bell Ringer • Notes/Discussion over Europeans settling America • Working in groups complete the chart on the four mainland colonies. • HW: Read Zinn Chapter 2

Discuss how Columbus’ voyage changed Europe as much as it changed America? Use Pages 61 -63 of Lies My Teacher Told Me

Students will be able to: • Describe how early European exploration and colonization resulted in cultural interactions among Europeans, Africans, and American Indians. • Use primary and secondary sources.

How Columbus’ voyage changed Europe 1. Trying to explain these new people, who were not mentioned in the Bible, contributed to the Protestant Reformation. 2. A rise in European Self-consciousness and race as an important human characteristic. 3. Almost half of the crops now grown throughout the world came from the America’s. 4. Adding to European diets caused a population explosion. 5. Increased the number of drugs for pharmacological uses.

European territorial claims, 1750 What observations do you make about territorial claims at this time?

European settlements in North America by 1700 Rise of the Atlantic World 1492 – Beginning of Columbian Exchange Colonization follows Disease epidemics – 95% mortality rate, mostly within first 30 years

Spain- • Hernando Cortes conquered the Aztecs • Franciso Pizzaro conquered the Incans • Millions of Native Americans did as a result of the conquistadors methods of warfare • Gold & silver • Encomienda system • Harsh treatment • Intermarried with the Native Americans and Africans • Developed a rigid class system that was dominated by pure-blooded Spaniards

European settlements in North America by 1700 (Eastern seaboard) France – • Fur trade • Cooperation, conversion • Intermarriage & alliances • Maintained reasonably good relations with the Native Americans and Africans • Built trading posts • Didn’t have a lot of colonists, farms, or towns

Britain-- • Later start due to religious conflicts within the country • Defeated the Spanish Armada • Gold initially • Initially they traded and shared with the Native Americans • Native Americans showed them how to grow new crops and hunt the forests • Switch to agriculture & raw materials • Conflicts and alliances • Did not respect the Native Americans way of life • Expansion

Why do the Native Americans continue to help the Europeans? Which European country treated the Natives the best?

Even though both were English colonies that were both founded in the 1600 s, what accounts for so many differences between the first 2 permanent English colonies in the New World: Jamestown and Plymouth? Compare and Contrast the two colonies. Use the Vision book pages 47 -49

Jamestown Failed attempts prior (Roanoke) 1607 – 1 st perm. English settlement in America Virginia Company of London Harsh conditions, laziness, greed, poor planning almost destroy colony (starving time) John Smith arrives, imposes martial law, better relations with Powhatan Indians Smith leaves, Jamestown declines again (Starving Time) Eventually rescued by tobacco farming

Starving Settlers in Jamestown Colony Resorted to Cannibalism New archaeological evidence and forensic analysis reveals that a 14 -year-old girl was cannibalized in desperation It appears that her brain, tongue, cheeks and leg muscles were eaten, with the brain likely eaten first.

Tobacco farming required large tracts of land people. The headright system was introduced as a means to solve the labor shortage. • Colonists already residing in Virginia were granted two headrights, meaning two tracts of 50 acres each, or a total of 100 acres of land. • New settlers who paid their own passage to Virginia were granted one headright. • Wealthy individuals could accumulate headrights by paying for the passage of poor individuals. Most of the workers who entered Virginia under this arrangement came as indentured servants, who agreed to work for 4 -7 years.

Plymouth (present day Mass. ) • 1620 – Mayflower arrives with Separatist Puritans (aka -Pilgrims) • Entire families • Signing of Mayflower Compact by all adult males (drafted to prevent dissent amongst Puritans and non-separatist) • William Bradford – founder and governor • Miles Standish – military leader • Aided by Squanto

Even though both were English colonies that were both founded in the 1600 s, what accounts for so many differences between the first 2 permanent English colonies in the New World: Jamestown and Plymouth? Which early colony would you want to live in and why?

Sept. 9, 2016 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Bell Ringer– Native American True/False Discuss Zinn Chapter 2 Timeline Complete Colonial Charts Unit I test Sept. 15

Use pages 55 -82 and fill in the chart