Joints What is a Joint A location where






























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Joints
What is a Joint? § A location where two bones make contact § Allow movement § Provide support
Joint Classification § Classified structurally and functionally
Joint Classification § STRUCTURALLY § Fibrous § Cartilaginous § Synovial
Joint Classification § FUNCTIONAL § Synarthrosis § Amphiartrosis § Diarthrosis
Fibrous Joints § Connected by dense connective tissue (collagen) § Fixed/immovable § Skull
Cartilaginous Joints § § Connected only by cartilage Form growth regions Spinal column Sternum
Synovial Joints § Bones are separated by a cavity filled with fluid § There are 6 § § § Gliding Condyloid Saddle Hinge Ball and socket Pivot
Gliding § Smooth movement in many directions with a smooth surface § Hand foot
Condyloid § Irregular surface where bones are gliding past each other § Wrist
Saddle § § § Two bones that fit together Bending motion Thumb
Hinge § § § Form between 2 bones Flex and extend Elbow
Ball and Socket § Allow stable movements in several directions § Bending in several directions § Hip joint
Pivot § Rotational motion occurs without gliding § Heads range of motion
Bursae & Tendon Sheaths § § § Associated with synovial joints Bags of lubricant Located near tendons/ligaments/joints
Bunion § Bunion- enlarged bursa at the base of the big toe, swollen from rubbing
Bursae & Tendon Sheaths § Tendon sheath- elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon § Subject to friction
Joint Injuries § Sprain § Ligaments reinforcing a joint are stretched or torn
Joint Injuries § Cartilage Injuries § Snap/pop of cartilage when working out § Cartilage is avascular (cant repair itself)
Joint Injuries § Dislocations § Bones forced out of alignment § Subluxation- partial dislocation
Arthritis § § § Over 100 different types Most widespread crippling disease 1/7 Americans
Osteoarthritis § § § Most common chronic arthritis Related to aging Enzymes break down cartilage Progresses slowly Aspirin, therapy
Rheumatoid Arthritis § § Arises between 40 -50 Joint stiffness Flare-ups Autoimmune (body attacks itself) § Reaction is unknown (bacteria? )
Gouty Arthritis § Uric acid levels rise and can’t be excreted properly § Bones can fuse and immobilize joint § Patients need to control diet (promoting uric acid production)