JOHN DALTON 1766 1844 BACKGROUND BORN IN EAGLESFIELD

JOHN DALTON 1766 -1844

BACKGROUND • BORN IN EAGLESFIELD, ENGLAND • HIM AND HIS BROTHER WERE COLOR BLIND • HIS FAMILY WAS POOR BUT HE WANTED TO HAVE AN EDUCATION • HE WAS A TEACHER THEN PRINCIPAL AT A SCHOOL INCUMBERLAND, THEN BECAME A TUTOR AT COLLEGE IN MANCHESTER WHICH LEAD HIM TO LATER JOINING THE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY AND MANCHESTER LITERARY • HE TOOK AN INTEREST IN METEOROLOGY WHICH LED HIM TO LATER PUBLISHING “METEOROLOGICAL FINDINGS” WHICH WAS HIS FIRST BOOK AND IT FOCUSED ON THE PRESSURE OF ATMOSPHERES • HE FIGURED OUT THAT COLOR BLINDNESS WAS HEREDITARY, IT WAS FIRST CALLED ‘DALTONISM’ AND REFERRED TO THE CONDITION OF RED, GREEN COLOR BLINDNESS.

DATES OF IMPORTANCE • 1794 - JOINED THE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY AND MANCHESTER LITERARY • 1800 - HIS “EXPERIMENTAL ESSAYS” WERE PUBLISHED • 1801 - SECOND BOOK “ELEMENTS OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR” PUBLISHED AND “DALTONS LAW” WHICH RELATED TO GASES WAS PUBLISHED • 1803 - HIS EXPERIMENTS ON THE ‘PRESSURE OF A MIXTURE OF GASSES’ CAME TO BE KNOWN AS THE ‘DALTON'S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURES’ • 1808 - PUBLISHED A ‘ NEW SYSTEM OF CHEMICAL PHILOSOPHY’ WHICH FURTHER EXPLAINED ATOMIC THEORY AND ATOMIC WEIGHT • 1814 - EXPLAINS PRINCIPLES OF VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS • 1840 - WROTE A PAPER ON PHOSPHATES, BASES, AND SALTS • 1844 - DEATH

JOHN DALTONS ATOM MODEL • JOHN DALTONS ATOM MODEL • MODEL WAS BASED ON UNAIDED EYE AND MACROSCOPIC EXPERIMENTS

IDEA OF THE ATOM • JOHN DALTON CAME UP WITH HIS IDEA OF THE ATOM BY USING THE LEADS HE HAS ON ATOMIC THEORY WHICH LED HIM TO HIS MODEL OF THE ATOM.

PROCEDURES INVOLVED • CAME UP WITH THE “ATOMIC THEORY OF MATTER” • 1. CAME UP WITH THE IDEA THAT PARTICLES MAKE UP MATTER (MINUTE PARTICLES ARE THE ATOM) • 2. SYMBOLS REPRESENT ELEMENTS AND DRAWN CIRCLES REPRESENT ATOMS • 3. TO BE ABLE TO TELL THE DIFFERENT ELEMENTS HE USED PATTERNS THAT WERE WITHIN THE CIRCLES • 4. CREATED A T“ ABLE OF ATOMIC WEIGHTS” TO ORGANIZE THE ELEMENTS BY WEIGHT • 5. DISCOVERED THEL“AW OF PROPORTIONS” • 6. EXPERIMENT: REACTED OXYGEN AND NITRIC OXIDE TO FORM A NEW GAS, OF THE TWO GASES THAT REACTED THEIR RATIOS/ PROPORTIONS WERE USED TO DETERMINE THE RESULTS

LAWS EXPLAINED BY DALTON • FOR DIFFERENT LAWS, DALTON PROPOSED EXPLANATIONS. THE LAWS INCLUDE: • THE LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS • THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS • THE LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS

CONCLUSIONS • IN ANY ELEMENT, ALL OF THE ATOMS ARE EXACTLY ALIKE. • ATOMS CANNOT BE BROKEN INTO SMALLER PIECES. • ATOMS OF TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS COMBINE TO FORM COMPOUNDS. • ATOMS OF EACH ELEMENT HAVE A UNIQUE MASS. • MASSES OF THE ELEMENTS IN A COMPOUND ARE ALWAYS IN A CONTRAST RATIO. • ATOMIC THEORY- THE IDEA THAT MATTER MIGHT BE COMPOSED OF PARTICLES SO SMALL THEY WERE INVISIBLE TO THE NAKED EYE. • HE PARTIALLY CONFIRMED THAT ONLY CERTAIN GASES COULD BE COMBINED IN CERTAIN PROPORTIONS EVEN IF TWO OR MORE DIFFERENT COMPOUNDS SHARED THE SAME COMMON ELEMENT. • HIS ATOMIC MODEL FOCUSED ON THE FIVE THEOREMS: - PURE ELEMENTS CONSIST OF ATOMS - ATOMS OF AN ELEMENT ARE ALL THE SAME AS THAT ELEMENT - ATOMS OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS CAN BE TOLD APART BY WEIGHT - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS UNITE TO FORM CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS - ATOMS CAN NEITHER BE CREATED NOR DESTROYED • DIFFERENT ELEMENTS HAVE DIFFERENT SIZES AND WEIGHTS OR MASS • TINY PARTICLES ARE CALLED ATOMS • THEY COULD NOT BE CREATED, DESTROYED, OR SPLIT BY CHEMICAL MEANS • TINY PARTICLES OR ATOMS MADE UP ELEMENTS