John Adams Pres 2 1796 1800 Known for

John Adams: Pres #2 1796 - 1800 Known for: -Federalist Pres w/Dem-Rep as VP -XYZ Affair -Alien Act -Sedition Act

Election of 1796 EIGHT people run for President WITH a pol party J. Adams – as a Federalist So was Hamilton, Pinckney & Jay T. Jefferson – as a Democratic-Republican So was Madison, Burr & Gallatin Const rules said--1 st place wins Pres, 2 nd gets VP Adams won. TJ came in 2 nd BUT, A & J r from dif pol parties!!! US gets a Fed Pres w/ Dem-Rep VP!!!

XYZ Affair. Adams 1 st goal is to repair relations w/ France… To explain Jay’s Treaty, Adams sent delegates to Fr. Foreign minister, Charles de Tallyrand, refused to see these Amer delegates Instead, Tallyrand sent 3 guys to demand a bribe from Amers just to meet Adams ANGRY!!! Pres Adams went to Congr. Referd to 3 Fr guys as X, Y, & Z; said to Congr to prepare for war w/ Fr. Watch video on Mr Fallman’s website

Alien Act Gave Pres power to deport non-US born people Passed together with another law: Naturalization Act… …which said immigrants had to wait 14 years (instead of 5) to apply for citizenship Both acts meant to prevent imms from joining Dem-Reps… (a sneaky political party ploy GW warned about)

Sedition Act Crime to speak, write or publish criticisms of the government, Congress, or the president Fedrlist controld Congr purposefully ommitd mention of the VP VP Jefferson was Dem-Rep Mostly Dem. Rep news editors were jailed. (isn’t this against Am 1? )

VA & KY Resolutions Many ppl upset over Alien & Sedition Acts, so VA & KY decided to act against them… Mad & Jef said States should have the right to judge constitutionality of fed laws Kentucky Resolution said states could nullify a fed law if no like Legally overturn, or cancel Said Alien & Sedition Acts UN-Const!

Jefferson and Adams WERE very close friends… Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence Adams edited and appreciated Jefferson’s words Held the same offices of Vice President, Foreign Ambassador (Adams to GB/Jeff to Fr), and repped their states in the Continental Congress (Adams from MA/Jeff from VA) Both even died on the same day –July 4 th, 1826 –the 50 th anniversary of the Dec of Ind Whoa…

Peace with France 1800 election coming soon Feds urgd Adams to step up war w/ Fr. to stir patriotic feelings and win election Adams Refused to incr war for pol reasons Went for peace w/ Fr. Earnd peace, BUT Fedrlst party dividd Most Feds want war… followers of Adams do not Fedrlst party splits

Election of 1800 fiasco! Thomas Jefferson & Aaron Burr (both demreps) tie for Pres. J Adams & Pinckney (Feds) were other candidates Revote by Elect Col (…actually 36 revotes…) Sneaky behind the scenes shtuff led by Hamilton: a Fed senator did not vote… Ham said, “TJ was lesser of two evils for Feds” Jeff becomes Pres (by 1 vote); Burr is VP Burr is BEYOND angry Knew something fishy happnd…but what & who? ? ? Leads to THE DUEL… Watch video on Mr Fallman’s website

Thomas Jefferson: President #3 VP Aaron Burr James Madison Sec of State, Albert Gallatin Sec of Treas, Henry Dearborn Sec of War Known for: Midnight Judges Barbary Pirates Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson’s policies Limited power of federal govt Laissez-faire: Fr 4“let the people do as they choose” Cut military expenses to reduce debt Will be problem in Med Sea later w/ Barbary Pirates Expand US doubled our size Louisiana Purchase Incr people’s involvmnt in govt Nationalism & democrcy raise

National Actions from TJ National debt = $83 million To lwr, cut army by 1/3; navy from 25 to 7 ships Askd Congr to repeal nat. taxes Whiskey tax gone! Othr taxes stayed… $ would come from import taxes (tariffs) & sale of western lands Louisiana purchase land Pardoned (got out jail) ppl jaild by sedition act Lowr # of gov’t workers Felt gov’t should be lmtd 2 mail, taxes, defense & census every 10 yrs

Midnight Judges B 4 Adams left Pres, he apptd judges w/Fed guys--called “midnight judges” Judges were to uphold Fed ideals w/ dem-rep Pres Marbury v. Madison supreme court case Marbury was denied his appt to be judge Appt was deliverd AFTER midnite (TJ Pres) Marbury sued J Mad Result: Marbury was not allowed to become a fed judge. Judicial Review was enforcd ------------ JUDICIAL REVIEW Judicial branch has obligation to uphold Const

Barbary Pirates American ships in the Med Sea being harrassed by Barbary Coast pirates Amer navy escorts not protecting well No $ from gov’t Jeff cut navy… few ships Jeff has secret mission to attack Tripoli 1 st US Marines & US Navy together US wins TJ sees need to have $ for military

Louisiana Purchase - Napolean wantd to take over NA - Got Louisiana Terr from Sp. After invadg Sp. - Nap to use Haiti as base to invade America - Slave uprising prevntd this. - Nap sails back to Fr to fight GB - Jeff hears of drama, offer Fr $2 mil for New Orleans - Fr counters with $15 mil for all of Louisiana - US 2 bls in size