Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Roadmap

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Roadmap / CMP and Technologies in Space (Possibly we call this ‘Complex Systems’? ) R. V. Duncan, University of New Mexico, and Caltech (Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, effective 8/18/08) This is a community effort, so please jump in after this short summary, and please contribute to the Roadmap and the Decadal Survey writing efforts following this conference. Thanks to Konstantin Penanen for his efforts on this.

Orbital Critical Phenomena Studies • Overview: Barmatz, Hahn, Lipa, & Duncan, “Critical phenomena in microgravity: Past, present, and future”, Rev. Mod. Phys. 79, 1 (2007): Hahn speaks tomorrow. • Statics – – – O(2): Lambda Point Specific Heat (LPE, Lipa) O(2), d=2: Confined Specific Heat (CHe. X, Lipa) O(1): Critical fluctuations in Xe & Piston Effect (ZENO, Gammon) O(1): Piston Effects (D-2/HPT-HYDRA, TEXUS, IML-2/CPF) O(1): 3 He liquid / vapor compressibility (MISTE, Barmatz) and coexistence curve (COEX, Hahn) • Dynamics – Critical Viscosity in Xe (CVX, CVX-II, Berg and Moldover) – Critical Dynamics in 4 He (DX/CQ/CP, Duncan, Goodstein, Lipa)

Open, Dynamical Systems • How does the rich complexity of nature emerge from simple force laws and symmetry arguments? • Open, non-equilibrium systems self-organize into complex patterns / dynamical order (early universe? ) • Critical phenomena + non-equilibrium dynamics = selforganized criticality (SOC) – Social (Econophysics, Benford’s Law, Zipf’s Law) – Physical (earthquakes, landslides, shot noise, pattern formation) – Everything? (Per Bak, How Nature Works; Jensen, SOC, etc. ) • Self-similarity: f(ax) = g(a) f(x) only works for f(x) = bx-a • Role of fluctuations and randomness in pattern development

CMP ‘Gravity’ Experiments • • (Tomorrow from 5 – 7 PM here at Q 2 C 3) Gravity and QHE / Superconductivity (Horowitz) The Universe in a Helium Droplet, G. Volovik Topological Defects: Branes and Strings (Pickett) Open systems far from equilibrium (Duncan) Event Horizons simulations in fiber (Koenig) Systems with dynamical equations that are exactly mathematically equivalent to spacetime A new international conference series is emerging!

‘CMP’ New Technologies • Paramagnetic susceptibility thermometry / bolometry (d. T < 0. 1 n. K/√Hz, t ≈ 10 ms) • Superconducting TES Bolometry with excellent thermal isolation • Magnetostrictive levitation / field generation (He, Xe, O 2, H 2 O, even live frogs! – cover of Physics Today, 1998) • Pressure and density measurement and control • New thermal isolation / control (dq < 1 p. W near 2. 2 K) • Extreme refrigeration technologies for space flight, such as cascade ADR and other technologies • Rotation sensors using the superfluids • Ability to regulate a BB with stability that is better than the anticipated cooling rate of the CMB temperature!