Jeroen van Aeken tambm conhecido como Hieronymus Bosch

Jeroen van Aeken, também conhecido como Hieronymus Bosch ou Jeroen Bosch, nasceu em Hertogenbosch, uma cidade do Ducado de Brabante, em 1450. Foi um pintor e gravador neerlandês dos séculos XV e XVI. Sabe-se muito pouco sobre a sua vida. A falta de documentos comprobatórios da atividade de Bosch fora de Hertogenbosch sugere que ele tenha vivido sempre na sua cidade natal. Foi especulado, ainda que sem provas concretas, que o pintor teria pertencido a uma seita que na época se dedicava às ciências ocultas, adquirindo inúmeros conhecimentos sobre os sonhos e a Alquimia, tendo-se dedicado profundamente a esta última. Por essa razão, Bosch teria sido perseguido pela Inquisição. Muitos dos seus trabalhos retratam cenas de pecado e tentação, recorrendo à utilização de figuras simbólicas, complexas, originais, imaginativas e caricaturais, muitas das quais eram obscuras mesmo no seu tempo. As obras de Bosch demonstram que ele foi um observador minucioso, bem como um refinado desenhista e colorista. O pintor utilizou estes dotes para criar uma série de composições fantásticas e diabólicas, onde são apresentados, com um tom satírico e moralizante, os vícios, pecados e temores de ordem religiosa que afligiam o homem medieval. Um estilo inconfundível que cria complexas imagens demoníacas: híbridos de insetos, répteis, pedaços de seres humanos e de peças de máquinas, nunca vistos em nenhuma forma de Arte. Outras obras de Bosch abordam temas mais tradicionais, como vidas de santos e cenas do nascimento, paixão e morte de Cristo. Hieronymus Bosch morreu em agosto de 1516. Portrait of the Hieronymus Bosch

Atualmente apenas se conservam cerca de 40 originais seus, dispersos na sua maioria por museus da Europa e dos Estados Unidos. Dentre estes, a coleção do Museu do Prado de Madri é considerada a melhor para estudar a sua obra, visto abrigar a maioria daqueles que são citados pelos críticos como os melhores trabalhos do pintor. The Tree Man, 1470 Albertina, Vienna, Austria

The Cure of Folly - 1475 -80 The Extraction of the Stone of Madness Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain Death of the Reprobate Private Collection, New York, USA

Epiphany, 1480 Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA, USA St. Christopher Carrying the Christ Child, 1480 -90 Museum Boymans-van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands

Head of a Halberdier Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain St John the Evangelist on Patmos, 1485 Staatliche Museen, Berlin

The Seven Deadly Sins, 1485 Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain

Haywain Triptych, 1485 -90 Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain

Ecce Homo, 1485 -90 Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA, USA Christ Carrying the Cross, 1485 -90 Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria

Ecce Homo, 1490 Städelsches Kunstitut mit Städtischer Galeria, Frankfurt am Main, Germany The Ship of Fools, 1490 -1500 Musée du Louvre, Paris

Christ Carrying the Cross, 1490 Musée des Beaux-Arts, Ghent, Belgium

Allegory of Gluttony and Lust, 1490 -1500 Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, MA, USA Temptation of St. Anthony, 1500 s (panel) Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, Lisbon

The Temptation of Saint Anthony, 1500 - Triptych Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, Lisbon, Portugal

Crucifixion of St. Julia (Triptych) Palazzo Ducale, Venice, Italy

St. Jerome at Prayer, 1500 s Musée des Beaux-Arts, Ghent, Belgium Christ Crowned with Thorns, 1500 s National Gallery, London, UK

Christ Crowned with Thorns, 1500 s Monasterio de San Lorenzo, El Escorial, Spain

Ascent of the Blessed, 1500 s Palazzo Ducale, Venice, Italy Christ on Cross with Donors and Saints Musée des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, Belgium

Christ Carrying the Cross Palacio Real, Madrid, Spain Marriage Feast at Cana Museum Boymans-van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands

St. Jerome. Central panel Palazzo Ducale, Venice, Italy St. John the Baptist Museo Lázaro Galdiano, Madrid, Spain

Last Judgement Groeninge Museum, Bruges

The Last Judgement Triptych, 1500 Akademie der bildenden Künste, Vienna, Austria St. Bavo St. James the Greater

The Conjuror, 1500 s Musée Municipal, Saint-Germain-en Laye, France

Mankind Beset by Devils Museum Boymans-van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands Reverse of the left wing Reverse of the right wing

Closed outer wings of the triptych The Temptation of St Anthony, c. 1500 Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, Lisbon, Portugal

Two Male Heads Museum Boymans-van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands The Wayfarer, 1500 -02 Monasterio de San Lorenzo, El Escorial, Spain

The Wayfarer, 1500 -02 Museum Boymans-van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands

Creation of the World, c. 1504 Closed outer wings of the triptych The Garden of Earthly Delights Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain

The Owl’s Nest, 1505 Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen

Biography: Jeroen van Aeken, also khown as Hieronymus Bosch or as Jeroen Bosch, was born in Hertogenbosch, a town of the Duchy of Brabant, in 1450. He was a Dutch engraver and painter of the 15 th and 16 th centuries. Very little is known about his life. The lack of documentary evidence of his activity outside Hertogenbosh bring into the mind that Bosch has always lived in his hometown. It was speculated, though without concrete evidence, that the painter would have belonged to a sect which at the time was devoted to the occult sciences, acquiring a large knowledge about dreams and Alchemy, and that he had deeply dedicated himself to the latter. For this reason, Bosch would have been persecuted by the Inquisition. Many of his works depict scenes of sin and temptation, resorting to the use of complex, symbolic, original, inventive and caricatural figures, many of them obscure even in his time. Bosch’s works demonstrate that he was a meticulous observer as well as a fine draughtsman and colourist. The painter used these skills to create a fantastic and diabolical range of compositions, where he presents, with a satirical and a moralizing tone, the vices, the sins and fears of religious order that plagued the medieval man. An unmistakable style that creates complex demoniac figures: hybrids of insects, reptiles, pieces of human beings and machinery, parts never seen before in any form of Art. Other works of the artist deal with more traditional themes as lives of Saints and scenes from the birth, the passion and death of Christ. Hieronymus Bosch died in August, 1516. Mary and John at the Foot of the Cross Kupferstichkabinett, Dresden At present only about 40 works are preserved as Bosch’s original, as the are spread mostly by museums in Europe and in the United States. Among these, the collection of the Prado Museum of Madrid is considered the best to study his work as it houses the majority of those who are mentioned by critics as the best works of the painter.

The Garden of Earthly Delights, 1510 -15 Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain

Créditos Música: Mein Junges Leben Hat Ein End‘ Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, 1562 -1621 Pesquisa e Formatação: Julia Zappa juliazappa@uol. com. br Revisão: Ida Aranha sabercultural@sabercultural. com http: //www. sabercultural. org Julho 2012 Death and the Miser National Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C. Terrestrial Paradise, 1500 s Palazzo Ducale, Venice, Italy

Studies of Monsters Staatliche Museen, Berlin Fontes: http: //www. hieronymus-bosch. org/ http: //www. ibiblio. org/wm/paint/auth/bosch/ http: //www. artchive. com/artchive/B/bosch. html http: //www. abcgallery. com/B/bosch. html http: //pt. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hieronymus_Bosch http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hieronymus_Bosch http: //www. wga. hu/frames-e. html? /bio/b/bosch/biograph. html