Jeffersonian Era Election of 1800 Jefferson and Aaron

Jeffersonian Era

Election of 1800 �Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for President �Both are Democratic-Republican �Constitution called for the House of Representatives to decide the tie �Tie is eventually broken in Jefferson’s favor �Hamilton convinces Federalists to support Jefferson �Future problems avoided with 12 th Amendment �Electors vote on the President and Vice-President separately in electoral college � 1 st peaceful transfer of power from one party to another in modern government �Federalists to Dem-Rep. �Transfer was in White house and in Congress �Last time the Federalists had National power �Laissez-faire gov’t: cut taxes and cut gov’t bureacracy; national debt is cut in ½ �“REVOLUTION OF REPUBLICANISM”

Judicial Review �Midnight Judges appointed by Adams �Attempt by Adams to keep Federalist influence in government �Jefferson refused to recognize judges �Judges were appoint as Adams was leaving the White House and the letters are not delivered �Marbury vs. Madison �Established the principle of Judicial Review �John Marshall is Chief Justice of Supreme Court �Political enemy of Jefferson � 35 years as Chief Justice and 1, 000 cases �Case declares parts of Judiciary Act unconstitutional �Supremacy Clause is protected with the Federal over the States �Establishes the principle of Judicial Review �Court can declare laws to be unconstitutional �Implied powers �Used more for state laws than federal

Western Expansion �Louisiana Purchase (1803) Mississippi to Rockies �Trying to avoid war with France �Napoleon agrees as he needs the money to fight war �Lewis and Clark Expedition (1809) �Explore, inform, discover, map the territories and their lands �Sacajowea �Helps/leads the expedition due to her knowledge of the territory and her language ability �Indian Conflicts �Encouraged by the British �Unfair treaties : Indians signed over land but were forced to and did not understand what they were signing �Tecumseh’s League: union of Native Americans to forcefully resist American expansion �Battle of Tippecanoe: led by William Harrison and was a surprise attack in the village and it was burned

Foreign Affairs �US Neutrality between Britain and France? ? ? �Needed trade with both sides � Making money (59 million one year) � Trading primarily with France (reexporting) �British began impressment of sailors (6, 000 by 1809) � Loosing markets to the US � Needed sailors for navy to fight Napoleon �Jefferson gets Embargo Act passed to cut off trade with Britain. Hurts U. S. business more than Britain No navy but didn’t want to be seen as weak � Lifted in a year and admitted it didn’t work � �War Hawks emerge � Farmers and settlers in the South and West who supported a war with Britain � Possibility of gaining additional lands – Canada and Florida � Revenge for British helping Indians � British did not play into War Hawks’ plan