JEFFERSON ERA ELECTION OF 1800 DemocraticRepublicans vs Federalists
JEFFERSON ERA
ELECTION OF 1800 Democratic-Republicans vs Federalists Thomas Jefferson (VA) John Adams (MA) Aaron Burr (NY) Charles Pinckney (SC)
• There is no concern for popular vote at this time • Electors chosen by the state legislature meet in Philadelphia to choose president • No single candidate won a majority of electoral votes • Results in a tie between Jefferson and Burr • The Constitution calls for election to be decided by the House of Representatives Presidential Candidate Party Home State Popular Vote Count Percentage Thomas Jefferson Democratic. Republican Virginia 41, 330 61. 4% 73 Aaron Burr Democratic. Republican New York — — 73 John Adams Federalist Mass. 25, 952 38. 6% 65 Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Federalist South Carolina — — 64 John Jay Federalist New York — — 1 67, 282 100. 0% 276 Needed to win 70 Total Electoral Vote
ALEXANDER HAMILTON’S INFLUENCE • Hamilton still had influence among Federalist politicians • He disliked both Jefferson and Burr, he distrusted Burr • “Jefferson has some pretentions to character. . . Mr. Burr is one of the most unprincipled men in the United States. . . bankrupt beyond redemption. ” • Alexander Hamilton encouraged Federalists in the House to support Jefferson • Jefferson is elected on the 36 th ballot (vote) • Burr becomes V. P. • 12 th Amendment separate ballots for President & Vice President
Marbury vs. Madison • John Adams appointed many Federalist judges between the 1800 election & Jefferson’s inauguration • Adams supposedly remained at his desk until well into the night signing the commissions of the “midnight” judges. • Ensured the federal gov’t would have a strong Federalist presence
Marbury vs. Madison • Sect. of State James Madison was ordered to block Adams’ remaining judge commissions • One of the new judges (William Marbury) was angered & asked the Supreme Court to order Madison to deliver his commission • Marbury used the Judiciary Act of 1789 that set-up the court system as the basis of his lawsuit
SUPREME COURT’S OPINION • Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall (appointed by former President John Adams) gave the court’s opinion Mv. M=JR 1803 Judicial Review – reviewing decisions of other branches and deciding if it is constitutional • Opinion identified which cases the Court could hear directly & this was not one of them • The case should have first been heard in a lower court • Marshall ruled the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional and void • Established judicial review
Mv. M=JR 1803 Inscribed in the Supreme Court building in Washington, D. C.
THE WEST IN 1800 • 3 European countries claimed land on the west coast • Spain – California from San Diego to San Francisco • Russia – Along the coast to Alaska • Britain – claimed land in the region north of the 42° parallel • France took Louisiana back from Spain in 1800 • Spain had closed the port of New Orleans to Americans
• Ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte • Wants to colonize American territory • Defeated in the West Indies and unable to invade North America • To avoid hostilities, Jefferson offered to buy New Orleans • France offered to sell all of Louisiana Territory • Jefferson was torn by his personal beliefs versus what could help the country
Louisiana Purchase Doubled the size of the U. S. A. Louisiana Territory purchased from France Treaty ratified in 1803 Cost less than 5 cents/acre= $15 million Constitution said nothing about acquiring new territory Jefferson knew it was important to explore and know the land get there first to claim borders Lewis & Clark brought on Sacagawea as a guide Asked Congress for $2, 500 to Contracted Meriwether Lewis to lead fund a westward expedition He chose friend William Clark to co-lead it
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