JCOMM Observations Programme Area Report to Ship Observations

JCOMM Observations Programme Area Report to Ship Observations Team (SOT-IV) Geneva, 16 -21 April 2007 Mike Johnson Observations Programme Area Coordinator photo courtesy of Meteo. France

The Plan is in place GCOS-92: • International GOOS • GEOSS Ocean Baseline • UNFCCC Priority • G 8 Commitment Implement the ocean domain of GCOS-92: Observations Programme Area JCOMM is identified as the implementing agent for 21 specific actions.

The organizing framework is in place As of September 2005, all six global in situ implementation programs are now linked internationally through WMO/IOC JCOMM coordination

Initial Global Ocean Observing System for Climate Status against the GCOS Implementation Plan and JCOMM targets Total in situ networks 57% January 2007 57% 100% 42% 81% 21% 48% 66% 43% • A total of 5635 platforms are maintained globally.

GCOS-92 Implementation Targets are designed for climate but also serve global weather prediction, global and coastal ocean prediction, marine transportation, marine hazards warning, marine environmental monitoring, naval applications, and many other non-climate users. 8 of 9 GEOSS Societal Benefits • • Tide gauge stations Surface Drifting Buoys Tropical Moored Buoys Profiling Floats Ships of Opportunity Ocean Reference Stations Ocean Carbon Networks • • • Arctic Observing System Dedicated Ship Support Data & Assimilation Subsystems Management and Product Delivery Satellites -- SST, Surface Topography, Wind, Color, Sea Ice

Multi-year Phased Implementation Plan (International targets presented at JCOMM-II -- representative milestones) 2000 2001 2002 51 56 807 Tropical Moored Buoys 77 2003 2004 67 67 69 671 779 787 77 79 79 Tide Gauge Stations Surface Drifting Buoys VOS Clim Ships of Opportunity Argo Floats 0 0 23 24 20 31 544 15 29 35 37 0 0 1 4 60 26 108 26 923 Reference Stations Ocean Carbon Network 975 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 79 91 106 126 148 170 1250 1250 Real-time Stations, Initial GCOS Subset Number of buoys 83 86 91 97 104 115 119 Number of moorings 112 150 180 200 200 Number of ships recruited 27 39 44 49 51 51 51 High resolution & frequently repeated lines occupied 3000 3000 1572 2300 41 9 42 15 Number of floats 49 54 60 78 89 Observatories, flux, and ocean transport stations 17 20 23 28 31 Repeat Sections Completed, One inventory per 10 years Initial Ocean Observing System Milestones JCOMM-I Total System 57 JCOMM-II 30 34 40 45 48 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 60 66 77 88 99 55 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 System % Complete

Progress

Systems Approach to Standard Mapping and Reporting 2003 2005 Standard Baser Map: Equidistant Cylindrical Projection, 90 N to 90 S, broken at 30 E

Surface Drifting Buoys 1250 sustained array (achieved) Milestone 18 September 2005 Users Workshop (March 2006) • Implement hourly reporting • Need barometers on all drifters (presently 407)

Tropical Moored Buoys • TAO/TRITON sustained • PIRATA Extensions implemented • Indian Ocean Array getting started

Argo Profiling Float Array 2851 active floats -- will reach 3000 by mid-2007

Deploying and maintaining 89 Ocean Reference Stations (42 now in service)

GCOS Climate Reference Network of Tide Gauge Stations By the end of 2007 most of the 170 Climate Reference Tide Gauge Stations Will Provide Marine Hazards Warning in Real Time

Integrating tsunami buoys into GOOS (JCOMM DBCP and Ocean. SITES) Chilean Tsunami Buoy being deployed during a U. S. Climate mission Met sensors installed by USA on the Chilean tsunami buoy: October 2006 Sites where Tsunami and Climate plans overlap -- potential for coordination Sites where Climate missions already deploy tsunami buoys routinely

PX 38 2 9 PX 0 3 PX 1 PX 02 0 PX 3 PX 18 PX 21 IX 15 11 29 7 PX 1 AX 15 AX 08 PX 50 PX 34 AX 20 AX PX 81 PX 06 PX 1 1 IX 2 2 1 IX 0 S IX 06 31 PX 04 PX 05 IX 08 09 IX IX 07 AX 34 PX 10 PX IX 10 AX 07 AX 4 AX 10 PX 37 PX 40 PX 4 AX 03 AX 18 AX 25 IX 28 PX 36 AX 22 41 of 51 UOT XBT lines now occupied Note : AX 08 is Under sampled in FRX Mode JCOMM-II authorized a Trust Fund for Consumables for Ship-Based Observations • Trust fund managed by WMO • Initially focused on XBTs • Expenditures to be authorized by Chair, SOT

PX 38 2 9 PX 0 3 PX 1 PX 02 0 PX 3 PX 18 PX 21 IX 15 11 29 7 PX 1 AX 15 AX 08 PX 50 PX 34 AX 20 AX PX 81 PX 06 PX 1 1 IX 2 2 1 IX 0 S IX 06 31 PX 04 PX 05 IX 08 09 IX IX 07 AX 34 PX 10 PX IX 10 AX 07 AX 4 AX 10 PX 37 PX 40 PX 4 AX 03 AX 18 AX 25 IX 28 PX 36 AX 22 Note : AX 08 is Under sampled in FRX Mode 910 VOS reporting at least 25 obs/month

PX 38 2 9 PX 0 3 PX 1 PX 02 0 PX 3 PX 18 PX 21 IX 15 11 29 7 PX 1 AX 15 AX 08 PX 50 PX 34 AX 20 AX PX 81 PX 06 PX 1 1 IX 2 2 1 IX 0 S IX 06 31 PX 04 PX 05 IX 08 09 IX IX 07 AX 34 PX 10 PX IX 10 AX 07 AX 4 AX 10 PX 37 PX 40 PX 4 AX 03 AX 18 AX 25 IX 28 PX 36 AX 22 Note : AX 08 is Under sampled in FRX Mode 622 ASAP obs/month

Measuring Ocean Carbon Sources and Sinks 1. Inventory 10 -year survey 2. Ships of opportunity Network design underway 3. Moored buoy time series 38% complete

Water Temperature Metadata Pilot Project (META-T PP) • Workshop: Reading, March 2006 – Considered user requirements for real-time metadata: • NWP, SST analysis, GHRSST, data assimilation and ocean analysis, ocean modeling, model validation, climate forecasting satellite cal/val, diagnostics by platform operators – Reviewed all in situ systems delivering SST and Temperature Profiles • GTSPP, GOSUD, Argo, DBCP, SOT, Ocean. SITES, ODAS – Proposed three categories of metadata: • Metadate required for real-time distribution with the observational data • Metadata required for real-time but not necessarily transmitted with the observations (available via servers) • Metadata not required in real-time – National Marine Data & Information Service of China (NMDIS) volunteered to host metadata servers for the pilot project. – NDBC (USA) will also consider hosting a mirror server.

Observing System Monitoring

JCOMMOPS Product Delivery

Observing System Status: 2006, Q 4. Error in Global Measurement of Sea Surface Temperature Requirement: 0. 2°C - 0. 5°C accuracy; 500 km horizontal resolution; 25 samples per week (GOOS/GCOS, 1999) Performance Measure: Reduce the error in global measurement of Sea Surface Temperature Metric: Potential satellite bias error (degrees Celsius) Ship observations not shown 100 Requirement: All boxes blue Drifting Buoys Moored Buoys Ships Total Goal: 100% Global Coverage 80 60 40 20 0 Drifting Buoys + Moored Buoys + Weighted Ship Observations Percent of 5 x 5 Boxes with 25 Observations per Week

Observing System Status: 2006, Q 4 Temperature Profiles Sampling requirements: 1 profile Every 10 days In every 3 x 3 º BATHY (mostly XBTs) TRACKOB (surface underway data) TESAC (mostly Argo floats) BUOY (moored and drifting) Requirement: All boxes blue Goal: 100% Global Coverage

Observing System Status: 2006, Q 4 Salinity Profiles Sampling requirements: 1 profile Every 10 days In every 3 x 3 º BATHY (mostly XBTs) TRACKOB (surface underway data) TESAC (mostly Argo floats) BUOY (moored and drifting) Requirement: All boxes blue Goal: 100% Global Coverage

Observing System Status: 2006, Q 4 Sea Surface Salinity Sampling requirements: 1 observation Every 10 days In every 2 x 2 º BATHY (mostly XBTs) TRACKOB (surface underway data) TESAC (mostly Argo floats) BUOY (moored and drifting) Requirement: All boxes blue Goal: 100% Global Coverage

Observing System Monitoring Center Near-real-time tool for system statistics and data (Data from GTS. Web sources by May 2007) Sort by: • Platform type • Variables being sampled • Time frame • Contributing Country Drill down for platform metadata and real-time data.

481 Ships reporting two days ago Location security: Ship observations are not available for the most recent 48 hours.

Australia had 141 Platforms reporting during the past month

Test Version 2. 00 beta: www. jcommops. org/network_status

Volunteer Observing Ships: The Backbone of the Global Ocean Observing System

Thank You SOT photo courtesy of Meteo. France

- Looking to the Future JCOMM Observing Platform Support Center (JCOMMOPS) (presently supporting DBCP, SOT, Argo) • Roundtable, May 2006: representatives from the OCG, DBCP, SOT, GLOSS, Argo, Ocean. SITES, IOCCP, POGO – Agreed value and mutual benefit in evolving toward a Global Observing Program Support Center. – Estimate seven personnel needed versus the present two working at JCOMMOPS. – Shared benefit, shared responsibility: the Systems benefiting should pay in proportion to their demand for JCOMMOPS services. – Consider possible relocation of JCOMMOPS to a national center that might be interested in hosting an international center, and furnish in-kind contributions and additional support. Ø JCOMM Management Committee (07 October, Geneva): OCG will develop requirements/specifications for future JCOMMOPS evolution and call for proposals -- April 2007. 5635 Platforms 68 Counties