Jaques Polanyi Quintaves Elliott Jaques proposed that we

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Elliott Jaques proposed that we think in one of 4 methods of mental processing, shown here in descending order © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 1

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves The first is declarative processing, each reason is separate, on its own, and has no connection with any other, it has a disjunctive quality © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 2

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves The second is cumulative processing, different reasons none of which are sufficient alone, are pulled together, it has a conjunctive quality © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 3

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves The third is serial processing, the reasons form different strings of cause and effect, it has a conditional quality within each string © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 4

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves The fourth is parallel processing, different strings of thought are linked and reinforced, each depends upon the other, it has a bi-conditional quality © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 5

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves But there is more; Jaques argued that these 4 methods repeat from the pre-verbal actions and then verbal concrete thoughts of childhood … © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 6

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves … through to the symbolic verbal and conceptual abstract of adulthood © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 7

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Jaques once described the sequence from say, declarative concrete verbal to declarative symbolic verbal, as a “quintave” © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 8

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves I want to show these methods are related to the Theory of Constraints logic known as the Thinking Processes … © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 9

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves This draws deeply upon Polanyi’s concept of emergence and Piaget’s structuralism © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 10

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Let’s start © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 11

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves If Man Or If Woman Let’s start with something very simple; two disjunctive entities, a man and a women, not much fun huh? © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 12

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves If Man And If Woman So, let’s make it conjunctive, and add an “and” … © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 13

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Relationship Then If Man And If Woman … and “then” the fun begins, its called a relationship © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 14

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Relationship Then If Man And If Woman Nothing about being a man and nothing about being a woman will tell you about the conjunction of being a relationship © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 15

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Relationship Then If Man And If Woman The relationship is emergent or transcendent, there is nothing in the particulars of the parts that will tell you about the emergence of the whole – whether that be physical or metaphysical © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 16

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Relationship Then If Man And If Woman If Brother Or If Sister Now what about the disjunction, nay dysfunction, between brother or sister … © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 17

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves If Man Relationship Offspring Then And If Woman If Brother And If Sister … or rather between brother and sister, nothing can prepare you for the higher order which is siblings or offspring © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 18

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Or Relationship Offspring Then If Man And Then If Woman If Brother And If Sister Now we come to an interesting point, there is nothing in the particulars of being in a relationship or being offspring that prepares you for … © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 19

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Family Then And If Relationship If Offspring Then If Man And Then If Woman If Brother And If Sister … the and of being “family” © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 20

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Family Then And If Relationship If Offspring Then If Man And Then If Woman If Brother And If Sister Each of these levels emerges and must transcend the particulars of the parts of the levels one below © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 21

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Family Then And If Relationship If Offspring Then If Man And Then If Woman If Brother And If Sister Now let’s repeat this sequence with a slightly different example © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 22

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves If Individual A Or If Individual B Individual A or individual B tells us nothing of … © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 23

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Team A/B Then If Individual A And If Individual B … the synergy that comes from individual A and individual B in Team A/B, the output of Team A/B transcends the sum of the output of individual A in isolation and of individual B in isolation © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 24

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Or If Team A/B If Team C/D Then If Individual A And Then If Individual B If Individual C And If Individual D Moreover, nothing in Team A/B or Team C/D can prepare us for … © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 25

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Project A/B/C/D Then And If Team A/B If Team C/D Then If Individual A And Then If Individual B If Individual C And If Individual D … the synergy that comes from Team A/B and Team C/D in Project A/B/C/D, the output of Project A/B/C/D transcends the output of the sum of Team A/B in isolation and of Team C/D in isolation © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 26

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Project A/B/C/D Then And If Team A/B If Team C/D Then If Individual A And Then If Individual B If Individual C And If Individual D Now hold onto these thoughts because we are going to use this same pattern to have a look at the concept of ecology © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 27

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves If Chemistry Or If Physics There is nothing in the particulars of chemistry or of physics that would prepare us for the emergence of … © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 28

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Biology Then If Chemistry And If Physics … the and, the synergy of, that results in biology. Biology transcends the sum of the particulars of chemistry and of the particulars of physics © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 29

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Or Biology Environment Then If Chemistry And Then If Physics If Chemistry And If Physics Now, with a tip of the hat to Gregory Bateson, nothing in the study of biology or in the study of the environment could prepare us for … © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 30

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Ecology Then And If Biology If Environment Then If Chemistry And Then If Physics If Chemistry And If Physics … the synergy which is ecology. Ecology transcends the output of the sum of the biological inputs and the sum of the environmental inputs. Let’s all smoke marijuana and all be happy, I mean hippy. Praise Gaia. © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 31

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Ecology Then And If Biology If Environment Then If Chemistry And Then If Physics If Chemistry And If Physics We could not understand ecology until we could understand biology and we could understand environment, and we could not understand those until we could understand chemistry and we could understand physics © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 32

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Ecology Then And If Biology If Environment Then If Chemistry And Then If Physics If Chemistry And If Physics In our language there must be redundancy in the lower logical type in order for the potentiality to arise, to emerge, in the higher logical type © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 33

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Ecology Then And If Biology If Environment Then If Chemistry And Then If Physics If Chemistry And If Physics But Polanyi’s point is that emergent from, say, chemistry and physics is an inkling that there must be something more, and from biology and environment there is again an inkling that there must be something more – this is his tacit knowing © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 34

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Ecology Then And If Biology If Environment Then If Chemistry And Then If Physics If Chemistry And If Physics This must seem all very strange nowadays, there are explicit papers on ecology till kingdom come, but once, not long ago, there were none, only a tacit inkling that there was more to this than just straight biology © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 35

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Ecology Then And If Biology If Environment Then If Chemistry And Then If Physics If Chemistry And If Physics There is a heuristic passion, a passion for discovery, that propels us forward based upon the “feeling” that there is something more than just the particulars of the parts © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 36

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Ecology Then And If Biology If Environment Then If Chemistry And Then If Physics If Chemistry And If Physics Polanyi argues that this in fact is a part of us because we are ourselves the very product of this process, replicated every time in our own embryology © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 37

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves OK. So, can we translate this – abduct from what we have done so far – and apply it equally to Jaques’ levels and to Goldratt’s Thinking Process? Well I think so, but it won’t look exactly the same. Nevertheless, let’s give it a go. © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 38

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Verbal Symbolic Bi-conditional if-and-only-if Verbal Symbolic Conditional if-then Verbal Symbolic Conjunctive and-and Verbal Symbolic Disjunctive or-or Here we have Jaques 4 logical or reasoning methods now in ascending order and within the level of verbal symbolic © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 39

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Verbal Symbolic Biology Bi-conditional if-and-only-if Verbal Symbolic Biology Conditional if-then Verbal Symbolic Biology Conjunctive and-and Verbal Symbolic Biology Disjunctive or-or And let’s add “biology” to this, from our recent example, to make this more relevant © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 40

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Verbal Symbolic Biology Bi-conditional if-and-only-if Verbal Symbolic Environment Bi-conditional if-and-only-if Verbal Symbolic Biology Conditional if-then Verbal Symbolic Environment Conditional if-then Verbal Symbolic Biology Conjunctive and-and Verbal Symbolic Environment Conjunctive and-and Verbal Symbolic Biology Disjunctive or-or Verbal Symbolic Environment Disjunctive or-or And immediately of course we could add another stack for environment © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 41

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Verbal Symbolic Biology Bi-conditional if-and-only-if Verbal Symbolic Environment Bi-conditional if-and-only-if Verbal Symbolic Biology Conditional if-then Verbal Symbolic Environment Conditional if-then Verbal Symbolic Biology Conjunctive and-and Verbal Symbolic Environment Conjunctive and-and Verbal Symbolic Biology Disjunctive or-or Verbal Symbolic Environment Disjunctive or-or Jaques is saying that we always start off with “this or that, ” then “this and that, ” then “if this then that, ” and finally “if this and if and only if that then another” and cycles through; verbal concrete, verbal symbolic, to conceptual abstract © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 42

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Verbal Symbolic Biology Bi-conditional if-and-only-if Verbal Symbolic Environment Bi-conditional if-and-only-if Verbal Symbolic Biology Conditional if-then Verbal Symbolic Environment Conditional if-then Verbal Symbolic Biology Conjunctive and-and Verbal Symbolic Environment Conjunctive and-and Verbal Symbolic Biology Disjunctive or-or Verbal Symbolic Environment Disjunctive or-or Now this is my point. When we get to verbal symbolic bi-conditional, it is the last step in the previous cycle for biology and the last step in the previous cycle for environment, but it is the first step in the next for ecology - watch © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 43

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Conceptual Abstract Ecology Disjunctive or-or Verbal Symbolic Biology Bi-conditional if-and-only-if Verbal Symbolic Environment Bi-conditional if-and-only-if Verbal Symbolic Biology Conditional if-then Verbal Symbolic Environment Conditional if-then Verbal Symbolic Biology Conjunctive and-and Verbal Symbolic Environment Conjunctive and-and Verbal Symbolic Biology Disjunctive or-or Verbal Symbolic Environment Disjunctive or-or Does that make sense, one of the first or-or of ecology is biology … © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 44

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Conceptual Abstract Ecology Disjunctive or-or Verbal Symbolic Biology Bi-conditional if-and-only-if Verbal Symbolic Environment Bi-conditional if-and-only-if Verbal Symbolic Biology Conditional if-then Verbal Symbolic Environment Conditional if-then Verbal Symbolic Biology Conjunctive and-and Verbal Symbolic Environment Conjunctive and-and Verbal Symbolic Biology Disjunctive or-or Verbal Symbolic Environment Disjunctive or-or … and another or-or is environment! © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 45

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Conceptual Abstract Ecology Disjunctive or-or Verbal Symbolic Biology Bi-conditional if-and-only-if Verbal Symbolic Environment Bi-conditional if-and-only-if Verbal Symbolic Biology Conditional if-then Verbal Symbolic Environment Conditional if-then Verbal Symbolic Biology Conjunctive and-and Verbal Symbolic Environment Conjunctive and-and Verbal Symbolic Biology Disjunctive or-or Verbal Symbolic Environment Disjunctive or-or If we go; C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C, then we have an octave, instead here we go; disjunctive, conditional, bi-conditional, disjunctive again = quintave © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 46

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Conceptual Abstract Ecology Disjunctive or-or Verbal Symbolic Biology Bi-conditional if-and-only-if Verbal Symbolic Environment Bi-conditional if-and-only-if Verbal Symbolic Biology Conditional if-then Verbal Symbolic Environment Conditional if-then Verbal Symbolic Biology Conjunctive and-and Verbal Symbolic Environment Conjunctive and-and Verbal Symbolic Biology Disjunctive or-or Verbal Symbolic Environment Disjunctive or-or Polanyi is saying that each lower layer is pregnant with potential emergence of the next, and even though we drop back down to a lower level of reasoning, it is at a higher stratum (now abstract not symbolic) © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 47

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Conceptual Abstract Ecology Disjunctive or-or Verbal Symbolic Biology Bi-conditional if-and-only-if Verbal Symbolic Environment Bi-conditional if-and-only-if Verbal Symbolic Biology Conditional if-then Verbal Symbolic Environment Conditional if-then Verbal Symbolic Biology Conjunctive and-and Verbal Symbolic Environment Conjunctive and-and Verbal Symbolic Biology Disjunctive or-or Verbal Symbolic Environment Disjunctive or-or Let’s not beat ourselves up over symbolic or abstract or biology or environment or ecology. Just note how the recursion works © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 48

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves OK then, so how does this work in Goldratt’s Thinking Processes? And the answer is very well indeed © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 49

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves Let’s put Jaques progression of the 4 logical or reasoning methods into the context of the Thinking Processes © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 50

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves A Or B The first of these is the disjunctive or-or; we can have A or we can have B. This is exactly the UDE’s of the CRT (here upside down) – we may mix up cause and effect and fail to distinguish between them © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 51

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves A 1 And A Or B And B 1 The second of these is the conjunctive and-and; we can have A and A 1 or we can have B and B 1. Do you know what this is? © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 52

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves A 1 And A Or B And B 1 This is sufficiency. This is also the first part of the ordering in building a CRT. Do you see the first primitive act is just to list them, the second is to order them © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 53

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves A 1 And C D If/Then A Or B And B 1 But the moment that we begin to order things we also find the third process, conditionality; some of our effects are the cause of other effects … © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 54

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves A 1 And E F If/Then C D If/Then A Or B And B 1 … and more still © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 55

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves A 1 And E F If/Then C D If/Then A Or B And B 1 This is a conditional chain © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 56

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves E 1 And And E F If/Then C D If/Then A Or B And B 1 We can add more sufficiency to it if we have to © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 57

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves E 1 And And E F If/Then C D If/Then A Or B And B 1 And finally we can add bi-conditionality © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 58

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves G If And Only If E 1 And And E F If/Then C D If/Then A Or B And B 1 And finally we can add bi-conditionality © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 59

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves G If And Only If E 1 And And E F If/Then C D If/Then A Or B And B 1 This is what we call necessity. G can only exist if both E and F are present © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 60

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves G If And Only If E 1 And And E F If/Then C D If/Then A Or B And B 1 Do you see how we lead people through the series from symptoms (disjunctive) to sufficiency (conjunctive) to cause-effect (conditional) to necessity (bi-conditional) © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 61

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves G If And Only If E 1 And And E F If/Then C D If/Then A Or B And B 1 And do you see that necessity is of a higher logical level than sufficiency? © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 62

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves G If And Only If E 1 And And E F If/Then C D If/Then A Or B And B 1 Turn it upside-down and you have a core problem (G) leading out to apparently disparate symptomatic outcomes – a current reality tree in other words © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 63

Jaques, Polanyi, & Quintaves G If And Only If E 1 And And E F If/Then C D If/Then A Or B And B 1 Also we usually have quite concrete symptoms which often lead towards an abstract core problem such as trust, or the lack of some such, so we may also transcend strata in our analysis © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, Jan 2014 64

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