Japanese Space Activity on Exoplanets JAXAs prespective Pathways

Japanese Space Activity on Exoplanets (JAXA’s prespective) & Pathways to Habitable Planets September 16, 2009 Takao Nakagawa (ISAS/JAXA) Oct. 10, 2007 EAMA 7

Where are we from ? Are we alone ?

Scientific Goals n What are the conditions for planetary formation ? n n n n Incl. detection and characterization of habitable planets. Formation of proto-planetary disk Condensation of dust Formation and growth of planetesimals Formation of rocky planets and planetary cores Formation of giant planets Dissipation of gas Diversity and Unified Scheme

Synergy n Planetary Science n In situ measurements Hayabusa’s view of Itokawa n Astronomy n Remote Sensing AKARI’s view of HIP 7978

Strategy to reveal the conditions of Planetary Formations n Protoplanetary disk n Line spectroscopy in MIR~FIR (~mm) n n Condensation of dust and formation of planetesimals n n n Direct detection and spectroscopy : MIR coronagraph Spectroscopy using transits: Stable MIR Spectrometer Dissipation of Gas n n Thermal imaging in MIR and FIR Formation of Giant Planets n n IR Obs: Inner disk, complementary to ALMA Sensitive MIR spectrometer (H 2) Formation of Habitable planets n Detection of biomarkers

Overview of SPICA

Mission Overview n Specifications n Telescope: 3. 5 m, 5 K n n n Revolving CIB at its energy peak Foramtion of Planetary Systems Core wavelength: 5 -210 μm n MIR Instrument n n n n Far-Infrared Instrument (SAFARI) Orbit: Sun-Earth L 2 Halo Mission Life n n Including Coronagraph & Spectro. 3 years (nominal) 5 years (goal) No expendables Weight: 3. 6 t Launch: 2018

Focal Plane Instruments Herschel JWST l/dl (dv) SPICA 30000 (10 km s-1) Good 3000 (100 km s-1) Sensitivity λ 300 (100 km s-1) WIDE FOV 2 mm 200 mm Unique Capability optimized for mid- and far-infrared

Huge Gain of Sensitivity ! Photometry Spectroscopy Herschel 2. 5 orders SPICA 2 orders SPICA/ SAFARI

SPICA for the study of formation process of planets

Disk Meneralogy and Snow Line

Characterization of Giant Planets n SPICA Coronagraphy n n High Contrast (106 -7) Continuous Spectral Coverage with R~200 n n n λ ~ 3. 5 – 28μm Moderate IWA (~1”) Transit Spectroscopy n n High dynamic range (fast readout) Pointing Stability n n n FPC-G for stability IFU for good photometric stability Characterization of IR detectors n Dofocusing Model Atmosphere by Burrows et al. (2003) For 2 Mj, 100 Myr planets around G 2 V star Simulated for SPICA coronagraph (Kotani)

SPICA as an International Mission

International Collaboration Scheme n JAXA　SPICA team: System Integration Telescope JAXA Integration n FPI : SAFARI FPI: MIRs＋SCI ESA I/F Management n （test @<10 K） n n Science Advisory Committee Joint System Engineering Team SPICA Steering Committee ESA SAFARI Consortium System Integration Manufacturing JAXA Subsystem Integrator n FPI: BLISS n NASA Team　(TBD) FPI: FPC n n n Japanese Group Korean Team (TBD) NAOJ (TBD) （test @ 80 K） European Teams Japanese Teams ※ FPI : Focal Plane Instrument SAFARI : SPICA Far-Infrared Instrument MIRs : Mid Infrared Insturuments (MIRACLE, MIRMES, MIRHES) BLISS : Background-Limited Infrared-Submikimeter Spectrograph FPC : Focal Plane finding Camera 16

Schedule Project Approval Review APPROVED CV Down Selection CV Final Selection

Japanese Perspective on Pathways to Habitable Planets

Japanese Perspective n The enterprise to achieve the ultimate goal (detection and characterization of habitable planets) should be international n n JTPF WG activity (M. Tamura’ s talk) Concrete and coherent strategy with important mile stones. n SPICA is a very important mile stone n n Scientific achievements Technology development

R&D strategy n Coronagraph n SPICA n n n Interferometry n n Enya’s talk Posters (Kotani, Haze) FITE (Shibai’s poster) Test Bed n Small satellite series n E. G. 60 cm telescope on ASNARO

Where are we from ? Are we alone ? Space Odyssey in 2018