JAPAN MEIJI RESTORATION STATE STANDARD W 16 ANALYZE

JAPAN – MEIJI RESTORATION STATE STANDARD W. 16 – ANALYZE THE POLITICAL, SOCIAL, AND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN JAPAN (MEIJI RESTORATION) AND ITS GROWING ROLE IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS. A. HOW DID JAPAN RESPOND TO FOREIGN PRESSURE TO END ITS ISOLATIONIST POLICIES? B. HOW DID THE MEIJI RESTORATION CHANGE JAPAN? C. HOW DID JAPAN TURN ITSELF INTO AN IMPERIALIST POWER?

A. HOW DID JAPAN RESPOND TO FOREIGN PRESSURE TO END ITS ISOLATIONIST POLICIES? • BY 1800, THE TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE HAD RULED JAPAN FOR 200 YEARS. • THE SHOGUNATE CREATED ISOLATIONIST POLICIES (CUT-OFF FROM MOST OF WORLD) • ONLY CHINESE AND DUTCH MERCHANTS WERE ALLOWED TO TRADE. • THE WEST WANTED TO CHANGE THESE POLICIES DUE TO IMPERIALISTIC MOTIVATIONS

A. HOW DID JAPAN RESPOND TO FOREIGN PRESSURE TO END ITS ISOLATIONIST POLICIES? • TREATY OF KANAGAWA (1854) • COMMODORE MATTHEW PERRY (UNITED STATES) AND HIS FLEET OF WARSHIPS • LETTER FROM PRESIDENT MILLARD FILLMORE ASKING FOR BETTER TREATMENT OF CAGED U. S. SAILORS AND THE OPENING OF FOREIGN RELATIONS WITH THE WEST. • PERRY RETURNED AFTER SIX MONTHS WITH A LARGER FLEET, AND LOOKING FOR A RESPONSE. • THE JAPANESE RETURNED THE SAILORS AND OPENED TWO PORTS TO THE WEST FOR TRADE, AND ALSO ESTABLISHED AN U. S. CONSULATE IN JAPAN.

A. HOW DID JAPAN RESPOND TO FOREIGN PRESSURE TO END ITS ISOLATIONIST POLICIES? • SAT – CHO ALLIANCE • ALLIANCE CREATED BY THE SAMURAI OF SOUTH JAPAN. • THE SAMURAI WERE UPSET WITH THE TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE’S DECISION TO ALLOW TRADE WITH THE WEST • THE SAMURAI FEARED TRADITIONAL JAPANESE CULTURE WOULD BE TARNISHED AND INFLUENCE FROM THE OUTSIDE WORLD WOULD BE NEGATIVE.

A. HOW DID JAPAN RESPOND TO FOREIGN PRESSURE TO END ITS ISOLATIONIST POLICIES? • IN 1868, THE SAMARAI OVERTHREW THE SHOGUN GOVERNMENT AND ESTABLISHED A NEW GOVERNMENT WITH A NEW EMPEROR. • ALTHOUGH THE SAMURAI EMPEROR MUTSUHITO DID NOT TRUST THE WEST, HE KNEW THE NEW JAPAN HAD TO INCORPORATE WESTERN IDEAS TO COMPETE AND SURVIVE AGAINST THE INDUSTRIALIZED WEST. • THE EMPEROR THE REIGN OF MEIJI, OR “ENLIGHTENED RULE”. • THIS PERIOD BECAME KNOWN AS THE MEIJI RESTORATION.

Daily Assignment 1. How did Japan and China differ in the process in which they became “less isolated” (opened ports to the west)? 2. What was the name of the treaty signed between Japan and the United States? 3. How were China and Japan’s responses to Westernization similar? What did both do (be specific)? 4. How did the Samurai play a role (what was the name of their alliance)?

B. HOW DID THE MEIJI RESTORATION CHANGE JAPAN? • THE SAMURAI CULTURE STARTED BEING ABOLISHED IN 1867. • JAPANESE POLITICAL REFORMS DURING THE MEIJI RESTORATION: • THE OLD CAPITAL OF KYOTO WAS MOVED TO EDO, TODAY KNOWN AS TOKYO. • TWO POLITICAL PARTIES FORMED, THAT EACH PUSHED FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WESTERN GOVERNMENT SYSTEMS. • LIBERALS: WANTED THE DOMINANT POWER TO BE HELD BY THE LEGISLATURE (PARLIAMENT) • PROGRESSIVES: WANTED POWER TO BE SHARED BETWEEN THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES

B. HOW DID THE MEIJI RESTORATION CHANGE JAPAN? • JAPANESE ECONOMIC REFORMS DURING THE MEIJI RESTORATION: • LAND REFORM – READ THE FIRST TWO PARAGRAPHS ON PAGE 263 IN YOUR TEXTBOOK. • WHAT WAS LIKELY MOST IMPORTANT TO THE MEIJI LEADERS? • SUBSIDIES – GOVERNMENT PAYMENTS TO HELP FUND CERTAIN INDUSTRIES • TEA, SILK, WEAPONS, AND SHIPBUILDING WERE MAJOR INDUSTRIES • BUSINESS BECAME PRIVATE ONCE THEY WERE WELL ESTABLISHED

B. HOW DID THE MEIJI RESTORATION CHANGE JAPAN? • JAPANESE SOCIAL REFORMS DURING THE MEIJI RESTORATION: • ALL MEN WERE REQUIRED TO SERVE AT LEAST THREE YEARS IN THE MILITARY • UNIVERSITIES WERE BUILT AND THE SCHOOL MODEL WAS BASED OFF THAT OF THE U. S. • PRIVELAGES GRANTED TO ARISTOCRATS WERE BANISHED. • WOMEN WERE ALLOWED TO ATTEND SCHOOL, WHERE AS BEFORE THEY ALWAYS “BELONGED” TO A MALE FAMILY MEMBER. • CLOTHING AND EATING HABITS BECAME BASED ON THOSE OF THE WEST. • BASEBALL WAS INTRODUCED. • SOME (MINE WORKERS) STILL WORKED 20+ HOURS A DAY AND WERE SHOT FOR TRYING TO ESCAPE WORK. • LOYALTY TO THE FAMILY AND COMMUNITY WAS STILL TAUGHT IN SCHOOL.

Daily Assignment 1. What was the initial purpose of the Meiji Restoration? 2. Was it successful? 3. Explain how the government was reformed during the Meiji Restoration. 4. Explain how industrialization was obtained during the Meiji Restoration. 5. List 3 social reforms of the Meiji Restoration.

C. HOW DID JAPAN TURN ITSELF INTO AN IMPERIALIST POWER? • THE JAPANESE KNEW THE WEST WERE AMASSING WEALTH THROUGH IMPERIALISM. • IN 1874, JAPAN TOOK A SERIES OF ISLANDS FROM THE CHINESE. • IN 1904 - 1905, THE JAPANESE HEAVILY DEFEATED THE RUSSIANS IN THE RUSSOJAPANESE WAR, SOLIDIFYING THEIR CONTROL OVER KOREA AND MARKING THEIR PLACE AS ONE OF THE MOST POWERFUL COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD. • BY 1910, JAPAN HAD ANNEXED KOREA OUTRIGHT. • IN 1907, THEODORE ROOSEVELT QUIT ALLOWING JAPANESE IMMIGRANTS INTO THE U. S.