January 2005 doc IEEE 802 22 05 0006

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 Digital Television Tuner Design IEEE P 802. 22 Wireless RANs Date: 2005 -1 -18 Authors: Notice: This document has been prepared to assist IEEE 802. 22. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802. 22. Patent Policy and Procedures: The contributor is familiar with the IEEE 802 Patent Policy and Procedures http: //standards. ieee. org/guides/bylaws/sb-bylaws. pdf including the statement "IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s), including patent applications, provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder or applicant with respect to patents essential for compliance with both mandatory and optional portions of the standard. " Early disclosure to the Working Group of patent information that might be relevant to the standard is essential to reduce the possibility for delays in the development process and increase the likelihood that the draft publication will be approved for publication. Please notify the Chair Carl R. Stevenson as early as possible, in written or electronic form, if patented technology (or technology under patent application) might be incorporated into a draft standard being developed within the IEEE 802. 22 Working Group. If you have questions, contact the IEEE Patent Committee Administrator at patcom@iee. org. > Submission 1 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 Abstract The design constraints and current state-of-the-art of television tuner designs are discussed. This presentation was originally given as a tutorial at the 1998 ICCE. Submission 2 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 DIGITAL TELEVISION TUNER DESIGN Submission 3 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 TOPICS • Phase Noise • Noise Figure vs. interference • VSB vs. QAM • Dual conversion • Grand Alliance test results • References Submission 4 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 PHASE NOISE • No problem for NTSC • Critical for digital TV • Device, frequency, range and PLL design Submission 5 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 OSCILLATOR PHASE NOISE • • Flicker Corner Slope changes - 3 to -2 GAAS much higher than silicon Submission 6 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 TUNER PHASE NOISE Channel 2 LO = 101 MHz Submission 7 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 TUNER PHASE NOISE Channel 20 LO = 553 MHz Submission 8 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 PHASE DETECTORS • Phase/Frequency - logic gate circuit – Noise from gate timing – No correction for LO noise – Reliable pull-in, NTSC “standard” • GA discriminator – LO 2 for double conversion tuner – Frequency and Phase Lock Loop - Ref. 1 • Fractional N – Reduces reference feed-through – More complex – Dual Modulus prescaler Submission 9 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 NOISE FIGURE VS. INTERFERENCE Submission 10 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 TUNER BLOCK DIAGRAM Submission 11 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 RF AMPLIFIER Best noise figure peak gain and large signal capability do not occur at the same operating conditions. Submission 12 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 VARACTOR Q Loss = 10 Log [ 1 (1 - QL Q 0 ) 2 ] QL = Loaded Q = BW/F 0 Q 0 = Unloaded Q of varactor + resonator Submission 13 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 TYPICAL VARACTOR Rs = 0. 5 at 8 Pf At 500 MHz, Q 0 = 80 BW Loss 30 MHz 2. 0 d. B 20 MHz 3. 3 d. B 15 MHz 4. 7 d. B Submission Selectivity +44 MHz 9. 4 d. B 13. 3 15. 1 +22 MHz 4. 7 d. B 7. 6 9. 6 14 +88 MHz 14. 7 d. B 18. 4 20. 7 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 UHF DOUBLE-TUNE FILTER Submission 15 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 UHF DOUBLE-TUNE FILTER • • • 1 d. B BW = 18 MHz 3 d. B BW = 25. 6 MHz 1/2 IF, + 22 MHz - 15 d. B LO Beat, + 44 MHz - 34 d. B Image, + 88 MHz - 63 d. B Loss = 6 d. B Submission 16 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 MIXER • • • Submission Double-balanced Diode +10 d. Bm LO Drive - 10 d. Bm Signal input limit 7 d. B Loss IF Stage 3 d. B NF 17 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 TUNER DESIGN NF = 10 Log F 1 + F 2 - 1 A 1 F 1, F 2 and A are power ratios Submission 18 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 ASSUME RF gain = RF NF = Filter Loss = Mixer Loss= 10 d. B 2 d. B per resonator 7 d. B RF: 4 d. B NF (2. 51), gain 8 d. B (6. 31) Mix/IF: NF = 4 + 7 + 3 = 14 d. B (25. 1) Sys. NF = 10 Log[2. 51 + (25. 1 - 1)/6. 31)] Tuner NF = 8 d. B (+ 2 d. B production tol. ) Adjacent channel overloads mixer at -14 d. Bm Submission 19 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 SYSTEM NOISE FIGURE Planning Factors for Computer Analysis • Single receiver • Outside antenna • No VCR, amplifiers or splitters Submission 20 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 RECEIVER PLANNING FACTORS Submission 21 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 MODERN FRINGE AREA HOME Submission 22 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 Planning Factor Home Submission 23 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 RESULTS OF MAST MOUNTED ANTENNA AMPLIFIERS Submission 24 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 SYSTEM NOISE FIGURE Submission 25 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 CO-CHANNEL vs. ADJACENT CHANNEL • QAM better for adjacent channel • Interference removed after demod by LPF • Optional pilot tone centered on NTSC • Worse for co-channel into NTSC Submission 26 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 Adjacent Channel Interference Submission 27 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 Co-channel Interference Submission 28 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 IF SAW Filter 8 VSB similar to NTSC Lower adjacent demod into desired Need ~ 60 d. B lower adjacent rejection Pilot falls on edge of NTSC SAW for better co-channel Submission 29 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 TYPICAL NTSC SAW FILTER Submission 30 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 DTV SAW Submission 31 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 BETTER DTV SAW Submission 32 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 GRAND ALLIANCE DOUBLE CONVERSION TUNER Submission 33 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 CHOICE OF 1 ST IF FREQUENCY • Cellular Phones • Cable TV assigns channels to 1 GHz • Ref. EIA 542 “Recommended Cable • Television Identification Plan” • Footnotes: for 611, 919, and 955 to 967 MHz • are potential problems for dual conversion Submission 34 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 SELF GENERATED INTERFERENCE • L 01 / L 02 harmonics produce beats • Shielding and isolation needed • Example: GA Tuner on HRC cable ch. 56 • • • 2 x 1335. 75 (L 01) = 2671. 50 MHz 3 x 876 (L 02) = 2828. 00 43. 50 MHz Submission 35 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 DIELECTRIC FILTER PARASITIC RESONANCE Submission 36 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 FILTERS • RF selectivity to reduce overload • Image of 2 nd conversion same as SCT • First IF selectivity – – • Low frequency side Half IF - 22 MHz LO Beat - 44 MHz Image - 88 MHz Bandwidth, Loss, group delay, # of sections Submission 37 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 3 SECTION DIELECTRIC FILTER • BW @ -1 d. B = 31. 2 MHz • BW @ -3 d. B = 41. 2 MHz • Half IF Rejection @ -22 MHz = 3. 8 d. B • LO Beat Rejection @ -44 MHz = 19 d. B • Image Rejection @ -88 MHz = 36 d. B • Insertion Loss = 2. 0 d. B Submission 38 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 3 SECTION DIELECTRIC FILTER Submission 39 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 3 SECTION DIELECTRIC FILTER • BW @ -1 d. B = 12. 4 MHz • BW @ -3 d. B = 16. 4 MHz • LO Beat Rejection @ -44 MHz = 43 d. B • Image Rejection @ -88 MHz = 55 d. B • Half IF Rejection @ -22 MHz = 26 d. B • Insertion Loss = 4. 0 d. B Submission 40 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 3 SECTION DIELECTRIC FILTER Submission 41 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 GA SYSTEM TEST RESULTS Ref. 6 • ATV Receiver S/N 15 d. B • Co-channel NTSC 1. 8 d. B • Co-channel ATV 15. 3 d. B • Lower Adj. channel NTSC - 48 d. B • Lower Adj. channel ATV - 42 d. B • Upper Adj. channel NTSC - 49 d. B • Upper Adj. channel ATV - 43 d. B • Taboo channels - exceeded test range - 15 d. Bm • Phase Noise - 78 d. Bc/Hz @ 20 k. Hz • Submission 42 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 22 -05 -0006 -00 -0000 REFERENCES • • 1. Citta, Richard “Frequency and Phase Lock Loop”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. CE-23, August 1977 2. Rhea, Randall W. Oscillator Design and Computer Simulation 1995 Noble Publishing, Atlanta 3. Gardiner, F. M. Phaselock Techniques 1979 John Wiley & Sons 4. S. Perlow “Noise Performance Factors in Television Tuners” RCA Review vol. 37, March 1976, pp 119 -135 5. Zenith Electronics Corporation “VSB Transmission System, Technical Details” Dec. 17, 1993 6. Final Technical Report, FCC Advisory committee on Advanced Television Service, Oct. 31, 1995 http: //www. atsc. org/acats. html 7. FCC web site on digital television: http: //www. fcc. gov/dtv 8. EIA/CEMA web site: http: //www. cemacity. org/works/pubs Submission 43 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson