January 2005 doc IEEE 802 15 05 0077

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0077 -00 -004 a Project: IEEE 802. 15 WPAN Low Rate Alternative PHY Task Group 4 a (TG 4 a) Submission Title: [FM-UWB: A Low Complexity Low Data Rate Constant Envelope UWB Communications System ] Date Submitted: [7 January, 2005] Source: [John F. M. Gerrits] Company [CSEM] Address [Jaquet Droz 1, CH 2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland] Voice: [+41 32 720 56 52], FAX: [+41 32 720 57 20], E-Mail: [john. gerrits@csem. ch] Re: [IEEE P 802. 15 LDR ALT PHY Call For Proposals] Abstract: [This document presents a novel constant envelope LDR UWB air interface for the IEEE P 802. 15 ALT PHY ] Purpose: [For information to IEEE 802. 15. 4 a Task Group by CSEM Switzerland] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P 802. 15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P 802. 15. Submission 1 John F. M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEM

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0077 -00 -004 a FM-UWB: A Low Complexity Low Data Rate Constant Envelope UWB Communications System for PAN/BAN applications. John F. M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu Wireless Communications Department CSEM Systems Engineering Switzerland http: //www. csem. ch Submission 2 John F. M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEM

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0077 -00 -004 a Motivation for FM-UWB Impulse radio has proven to be a good solution for HDR UWB systems. It requires pulse synchroniation and accurate timing. We believe that it is not necessarily the best approach for a simple, low-cost, low-power, short-range, LDR communiciations system for PAN/BAN applications. Since the definition of a UWB signal does not specify a particular air interface or modulation scheme, many different techniques may be applicable to a UWB signal. More established modulation schemes may be used to generate a UWB signal. Submission 3 John F. M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEM

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0077 -00 -004 a FM-UWB, How does it work? Analog frequency modulation has the unique property that the RF bandwidth BRF is not only related to the bandwidth fm of the modulating signal, but also to the modulation index b�that can be chosen freely. High modulation index FM can be seen as an analog implementation of a spread spectrum system with spreading gain equal to the modulation index b. The power spectral density of a wideband FM signal has the shape of the probability density function of the modulating signal (subcarrier). A triangular subcarrier signal will yield a flat RF UWB spectrum with steep spectral roll-off. By modulating the subcarrier, data can be transmitted. Submission 4 John F. M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEM

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0077 -00 -004 a FM-UWB Transmitter FSK subcarrier FM [1, 2] Submission 5 John F. M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEM

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0077 -00 -004 a FM-UWB Spectrum and Coexistence FM-UWB uses a high modulation index FM signal PSD lowered by 10 log 10(Df /f. SUB) Modulated by a low-frequency triangular signal (f. SUB) For Df = 600 MHz, f. SUB = 1 MHz An analog spread spectrum system PSD reduced 28 d. B Bandwidth: BRF = 2(Df + f. SUB) Flat power spectral density Rapid spectral roll-off Submission 6 John F. M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEM

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0077 -00 -004 a FM-UWB Receiver FSK subcarriers A multi-user system can be realized by: FDMA at sub-carrier level FDMA at RF carrier level TDMA tecniques Submission 7 John F. M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEM

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0077 -00 -004 a FDMA subcarrier techniques 3 x 10 kbit/s 1 x 100 kbit/s subcarrier frequency [MHz] When the users share the same RF carrier frequency, simultaneous demodulation of multiple signals must be performed in the receiver. As in a DSSS system, the limit is multiple-access interference (e. g. , NMAX = 15 @ 100 kbit/s, NMAX = 150 @ 1 kbit/s). Submission 8 John F. M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEM

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0077 -00 -004 a Wideband FM Delay Line Demodulator This demodulator has been fully integrated on silicon. Submission 9 John F. M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEM

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0077 -00 -004 a FM-UWB Performance in AWGN Data rate R SNRRF PL [kbit/s] [d. B] 1 10 1000 -22 -17 -11 -5 90 85 79 73 d. FS [m] 183 106 52 25 500 MHz Processing gain = 2 R Submission 10 John F. M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEM

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0077 -00 -004 a Robustness to MB-OFDM UWB signals SIR = -10 d. B BER < 1 x 10 -6 Submission 11 John F. M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEM

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0077 -00 -004 a Power Consumption Projections Power consumption estimates for FM-UWB (continuous): - Transmitter 2 m. W, Receiver 5 m. W These values can definitely compete with ISM solutions. - Lower values possible dependent on duty cycle Submission 12 John F. M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEM

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0077 -00 -004 a IC Technology Requirements Rx Tx A good CMOS or Bi. CMOS techno (f. T = 100 GHz), low VT and low VDD (1 V), on-chip passives with moderate Q factor. Submission 13 John F. M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEM

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0077 -00 -004 a Frequency Domain Localization FMCW radar 1 GHz 1 m 6. 67 MHz 1 ms 3 x 108 m/s [3, 4] Submission 14 John F. M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEM

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0077 -00 -004 a FM-UWB Features Simple hardware implementation compatible with IC technology Low power consumption Relaxed hardware specs (antenna, phase noise, component tolerances) Receiver requires no local oscillator No carrier synchronization (as in impulse radio) Scalable technology Steep spectral roll-off Robustness to MB-OFDM interference and multipath CSMA techniques can enhance performance Localization compatibility Submission 15 John F. M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEM

January, 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0077 -00 -004 a References [1] John F. M. Gerrits, John R. Farserotu, "Ultra Wide Band FM: A Constant Envelope Frequency Domain Approach", International Zurich Seminar on Communications (IZS), Feb. 18– 20, 2004, Zürich, Switzerland, pp. 90 - 93. [2] John F. M. Gerrits, Michiel H. L. Kouwenhoven, Paul R. van der Meer, John R. Farserotu, John R. Long, "Principles and Limitations of UWBFM Communications Systems", accepted by the EURASIP Journal of Applied Signal Processing [3] John F. M. Gerrits, John R. Farserotu, John R. Long, "UWB Considerations for “My Personal Global Adaptive Network” (MAGNET) Systems", Proceedings of the 30 th European Solid-State Circuits Conference, ESSCIRC 2004, Leuven, Belgium, 21 -23 September 2004, pp. 45 -56. [4] John F. M. Gerrits, John R. Farserotu, John R. Long, "UWBFM: A Low and Medium Data Rate Constant Envelope UWB Communications System with Localization Potential". MAGNET Workshop, November 11 -12, Shanghai Submission 16 John F. M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEM