Jan 9 Learning Target I can understand how

Jan 9 Learning Target: I can understand how Hoover tried to help the Great Depression. Opener: If you were President during the Great Depression what strategies would you use to try to combat the Great Depression and help those in need? Remember your Diary entries are due tomorrow. All missing work for this quarter is DUE Jan 17 th.

Herbert Hoover 1929 -1933

1928 Election • Hoover-(R) – PRO Business – Limited federal government • Smith-(D) – PRO government interaction in business • Hoover won – voters believed prosperity of the 1920 s was because of the Republican party

• 6 months after election the stock market crashed = worst depression in American History

How did Hoover try to help? • Hawley-Smoot Tariff (tax) – Highest protective tariff in the U. S. (at the time) – Designed to protect American farmers and business from foreign competition. – Trickle Down Economics • It had the opposite effect – world trade fell 40%

• Describe what you see • Who does the sign blame for their problems? • How does this make you feel towards Hoover?

Hoover Struggles with the Depression • Philosophy: • Hoover opposed any form of federal welfare, or direct relief to the needy. • Handouts would weaken a person’s “moral fiber. ” • Relief, he thought, should come from private organizations. This was called LOCALISM. • Hoover’s philosophy angered and frustrated many suffering Americans.

Hoover’s Radio Address on Unemployment Relief No governmental action, no economic doctrine, no economic plan or project can replace that God-imposed responsibility of the individual man and woman to their neighbors. That is a vital part of the very soul of the people. If we shall gain in this spirit from this painful time, we shall have created a greater and more glorious America. The trial of it is here now. It is a trial of the heart and conscience, of individual men and women. . (October 18, 1931) 1. Who does Hoover believe should help Americans during the Depression? 2. Why do you think he believes this? 3. What “painful time” is he talking about? 4. Imagine you are unemployed as a result of the Great Depression: What are your feelings towards this statement?

How did Hoover try to help? • Reconstruction Finance Corporation – $2 billion for emergency financing for banks, life insurance companies, railroads and other large businesses. – Believed the $ would trickle-down to the average citizen through job growth and higher wages. – To little, to late

HOW did Hoover try to help? • Construction of Boulder Dam (Hoover Dam) – $700 million public works program

1932 - The Bonus Army WWI vets went to Washington DC to collect the bonus Congress had promised them. -1924 Congress had promised them payment to be paid out in 1945 Congress agreed to pay out early although Hoover vetoed this act. In July 1932, riots broke out -Veterans were tear gassed, and many injured This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

Anti-Hoover Sentiment • Americans grew more and more frustrated by the depression as time passed • Farmers burned their crops rather than sell it at a loss • As an insult to the president, shantytowns were dubbed “Hoovervilles, ” and newspapers that were used to keep warm were called “Hoover Blankets. ” • Hoover, who was once seen as a humanitarian, was now seen as a cold and heartless leader.

Hoover’s Legacy • Hoover could not effectively deal with the Depression. • He was viewed as uncaring and unsympathetic towards the sufferings of Americans • This would eventually lead to his losing the election of 1932 to Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Your task • Read the article about Hoovervilles – Read the prompt on the backside (plan of attack) – Read the article- underlining information that will help you with this paragraph – Write – Don’t forget that Diaries are due tomorrow

Closure • Do you think that Hoover was an effective/ineffective President during the Great Depression? Explain your answer. • Self Evaluation – Pirate Ship rating on LT – My new learning today was_______

Election of 1932 • The Republicans re-nominated President Hoover as their candidate, yet they were aware they had little chance of winning. • The Democrats nominated Franklin Delano Roosevelt, FDR, a two-term governor of New York. • Roosevelt won the presidency by capturing nearly 23 million votes over Hoover 16 million votes. • In the Senate, Democrats claimed a 2/3 majority and in the House they won almost ¾ of the seats.

Roosevelt won the election by a landslide

Franklin Delano Roosevelt 1933 -1945

The New Deal: What was it? Predict what the “new deal” was for FDR.

Roosevelt’s plan for fixing the Great Depression: “The New Deal” • Focus on helping Americans by offering the 3 R’s –Relief –Recovery –Reform

Relief • The government will give direct help or relief to those who are suffering • May be food, clothing, shelter

Recovery • The government will provide jobs to help Americans recover from the Depression

Reform • The government will regulate (make rules) for business • No more laissez faire (hands off the government in business)

Roosevelt’s Actions 1. Gave “Fireside Chats” to calm people over the depression 2. Hired the best thinkers/problem solvers to fix the Depression (Brain Trust)

FDR “Packed” the Court FDR wanted the Supreme Court (9 Justices) to be weakened because he thought they would not support his plan. His solution- elect 6 more Justices to get “his way”. FDR did not need to do this because of his popularity at that time. The Court since then has accepted a larger role in the federal government. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SANC

Your task • Research by answering the questions on your guided research sheet • Create a name plate for a New Deal program that will teach others about your program • Be here to complete the speed dating about the different New Deal programs • Take notes about the programs during the speed dating event

The Bank Holiday • On March 5 --the day after being sworn into office-Roosevelt stepped into the breach and declared a "bank holiday, " which, for four days forced the closure of the nation's banks and halted all financial transactions. • gave Roosevelt time to push the Emergency Banking Act through the legislative chain. • Passed by Congress on March 9, the act handed the president a far-reaching grip over bank dealings and "foreign transactions. " • The legislation also paved the path for solvent banks to resume business as early as March 10. • Three short days later nearly 1, 000 banks were up and running again

Compare and Contrast Hoover Roosevelt

Summary of the Results of the “New Deal” • Did not end the Depression – Many agricultural problems unsolved, especially for southern Blacks and tenant farmers • Did restore national hope • Controls were built into the economy to avert future crises • The Government as “broker/welfare state” • Restoration of confidence in U. S. government and economy—but both different than before 1932