James A OBrien IrwinMc GrawHill Introduction to Information

James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition IS Framework for Business Foundation Concepts Information Technologies Business Applications Development Processes Management Challenges Information Systems Management Challenges Business Information Applications Technologies Information Systems Development Foundation Processes Concepts Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill M 0254 Enterprise Copyright © 2002, The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2

James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition Data versus Information: Data 0 10 nn Ma 0 0 12 ey s d 5 n i L 54 1 79 ranjo Na leh Me Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill s ye • Raw facts • Observations • Not processed (yet) • Not meaningful to the audience/reader M 0254 Enterprise Copyright © 2002, The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 3

James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition Data versus Information • Processed data –Summarized –Organized –Labeled • Meaningful to audience Monthly Sales Report for West Region Sales Rep: Charles Mann Emp No. 791545 Item Qty Sold Price TM Shoes 1200 $100 –For what? ? ? Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill M 0254 Enterprise Copyright © 2002, The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4

James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition IS for Management Decisions • Differences in decisions at each level • Differences in demands for IS services Support of Managerial Decision Making • Differences in users? Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill Support of Strategic Advantage Support of Business Operations M 0254 Enterprise Copyright © 2002, The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5

James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition Systems Approach to Problem Solving Monitor and Evaluate Results Define the Problem Develop Alternative Solutions Select the Solution Design the Solution Implement the Solution Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 6

James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition Traditional Systems Development Life Cycle Understand the Business Problem or Opportunity Develop an Information System Solution Systems Investigation Product: Feasibility Study Systems Analysis Product: Functional Requirements Systems Design Product: System Specifications Implement the Information System Solution Systems Implementation Product: Operational Systems Maintenance Product: Improved System Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 7

James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition Prototyping Process Identify an End User's Information Requirements Prototyping Cycle Develop Information System Prototypes Revise the Prototypes to Better Meet End User Requirements Maintenance Cycle Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill Use and Maintain the Accepted System Copyright © 2002, The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8

James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition Systems Investigation Economic Feasibility Can we afford it? Technical Feasibility Does the capability exist? Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill Organizational Feasibility Is it a good fit? Operational Feasibility Will it be accepted? Copyright © 2002, The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9

James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 10 Systems Analysis Organizational Key Areas of Systems Analysis Present System Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill Functional Requirements Copyright © 2002, The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 11 Systems Design User Interface Design Screen, Form, Report and Dialog Design Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill Data Design Process Design Data Element Structure Design Program and Procedure Design Copyright © 2002, The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 12 End User Development Controls What controls are needed? Input What data is required? Processing What operations on the input is required? Output What information is needed? Storage Will the application need to store data? Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 13 The Implementation Process Implementation Activities Acquisition Development and Modification System Testing System Documentation Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill End User Training Conversion Copyright © 2002, The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 14 Evaluating Hardware and Software Hardware Evaluation Factors • Performance • Cost • Reliability • Compatibility • Technology • Ergonomics • Connectivity • Scalability • Software • Support Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill Software Evaluation Factors • Quality • Efficiency • Flexibility • Security • Connectivity • Language • Documentation • Hardware • Efficiency Copyright © 2002, The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 15 Evaluating IS Services IS Evaluation Factors • Performance • Systems Development • Maintenance • Conversion • Training • Backup • Accessibility • Business Position • Hardware • Software Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 16 Implementing New Systems Implementation Activities • • • Acquisition Software Development Training Testing Documentation Conversion Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Introduction to Information Systems James A. O’Brien Eleventh Edition 17 Installation Conversion Methods Old System New System Old System Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill New System Parallel Pilot Phased Plunge Copyright © 2002, The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 18 Managing Organizational Change Executive Vision Change Management Organizational Design Organization Mission and Role Measurement and Rewards Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill Work Redesign Core Competencies Development Copyright © 2002, The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 19 Chapter Summary • Business professionals and IS specialists use a systems approach to help them develop information system solutions to meet e-business needs. • Prototyping is a major alternative methodology to the traditional information system development cycle. It includes the use of prototyping tools and methodologies, which promote an iterative, interactive process. Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 20 Chapter Summary (cont) • The application development capabilities built into many end user software packages have made it easier for end users to develop their own e-business applications. • The implementation process for IS projects involves acquisition, testing, documentation, training, installation, and conversion. • Business professionals should know how to evaluate IT products for acquisition. IT vendor proposals should be based on specifications developed during the design phase. Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

James A. O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Eleventh Edition 21 Chapter Summary (cont) • Implementation activities include managing the introduction and implementation of changes in the business processes, organizational structures, job assignments, and work relationships resulting from e-business initiatives. Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.