James A Henretta Rebecca Edwards Robert O Self
James A. Henretta Rebecca Edwards Robert O. Self America’s History Seventh Edition CHAPTER 8 Creating a Republican Culture 1790 -1820 Copyright © 2011 by Bedford/St. Martin’s
I. The Capitalist Commonwealth A. Banks, Manufacturing, and Markets 1. Banking and Credit-Panic of 1819 -caused by worldwide drop in crop prices, speculation, and not enough specie to cover paper money 2. Rural Manufacturing B. Building a Transportation Infrastructure-necessary for trade routes 1. By Land-turnpikes ex. Lancaster Turnpike in PA. 2. By Water-canals
I. The Capitalist Commonwealth C. Public Enterprise: The Commonwealth System 1. “Public Utility”-state legislatures granted charters to build roads, bridges, and canals to improve the “common wealth” of its citizens 2. Critics
II. Toward a Democratic Republican Culture A. Opportunity and Equality – for White Men 1. Social Divisions-talent and hard work could lead to social mobility 2. Discrimination- eliminated property qualifications for white men-expansion of universal white male suffrage but no voting rights or property ownership for blacks or women
II. Toward a Democratic Republican Culture B. Toward a Republican Marriage System C. Sentimentalism-romantic love of the heart over financial logic D. Companionate Marriage-women became an equal partner in marriage
II. Toward a Democratic Republican Culture C. Republican Motherhood-mothers responsible for raising boys of good character 1. Demographic Transition-sharp decline in birthrate-fewer children meant more time spent with kids 2. Christian Thought-women are more spiritual and nurturing to the spirit
II. Toward a Democratic Republican Culture D. Raising Republican Children 1. Two Modes of Parenting-Authoritarian and Permissive-treated with more equality and respect 2. Debates over Education-ordinary citizens saw little need for education beyond the three R’seventually education reformers improved educational standards and used American history to teach patriotism and moral lessons 3. Promoting Cultural Independence-Webster and Irving
III. Aristocratic Republicanism and Slavery A. The Revolution and Slavery, 1776 -1800 p 252 1. Manumission and Gradual Emancipation 2. Slavery Defended-property rights of slave owners more important than emancipation of slaves-”A necessary evil”-”The peculiar institution” B. The North and South Grow Apart 1. Slavery and National Politics-White men in South reluctant to do manual labor-South needed to dominate government for slavery to continue 2. African Americans Speak Out-American Colonization Society-humanitarian solution to slavery. Henry Clay and James Madison.
III. Aristocratic Republicanism and Slavery C. The Missouri Crisis, 1819 -1821 -wanted to be admitted as a slave state D. The Tallmadge Amendment-would approve statehood only with slavery restrictions-caused a negative uproar among slave states 1. Constitutional Issues-states rights and property rights more important then emancipation 2. Missouri Compromise 1820 -Henry Clay What were the terms of the Missouri Compromise? What precedent was set? (admit free then slave to keep balance of power)
IV. Protestant Christianity as a Social Force A. A Republican Religious Order 1. Religious Freedom-end of legal status of Anglican Church 1776 ; Jefferson in Virginia Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom 2. Church-State Relations- state governments indirectly supported churches but only protestant denominations p 259 Unitarian religion developed in New England from Deism-believed in Supreme Being but not divinity of Jesus-believed everyone could get in heaven from good works B. The Second Great Awakening 1790 -1860 1. Evangelical Churches-Baptist and Methodist-egalitarian religious culture-back country revivals 2. Black Christianity- Owners encouraged to spread Christianity among Slaves many converted from their tribal religions-enslaved blacks identified with Jews of the old testament
IV. Protestant Christianity as a Social Force C. Religion and Reform-”religious benevolence”- salvation achieved through good works-inspired reform movements of Antebellum Era 1. Benevolence and Reform-in contrast to 1 st Great Awakening, 2 nd GA inspired cooperation among denominations 2. In Political Life-some wanted U. S. to become a Christian nation-”elect only Christian leaders” D. Women’s New Religious Roles 1. A Growing Public Presence-women became active in social reform(important point about the Second GA) 2. Spiritual Authority vs. Political Power-some in society wanted America to be run by Christians and combine church and state
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