James A Henretta Rebecca Edwards Robert O Self
James A. Henretta Rebecca Edwards Robert O. Self America’s History Seventh Edition CHAPTER 2 The Invasion and Settlement of North America 1550 -1700 Copyright © 2011 by Bedford/St. Martin’s
I. Rival Imperial Models: Spain, France, and Holland A. New Spain: Colonization and Conversion. Encomienda system and forced assimilation by priests who disrespected Native culture (ex. Polygamy) 1. Franciscan Missions and Indian Revolts 2. Popé and the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 -first successful overthrow of Spanish rule but lasted only ten years (Santa Fe New Mexico)
I. Rival Imperial Models: Spain, France, and Holland B. New France: Fur Traders and Missionariesfirst permanent French settlement in North America was Quebec but moved into the Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes regions 1. The Rise of the Iroquois-made up of a 5 nation confederation and became powerful in northeast and down into Atlantic coastal regions-had guns 2. The Jesuit Missions- lived among Hurons and other natives-respected their culture but were
I. Rival Imperial Models: Spain, France, and Holland C. New Netherland: Commerce 1. Hudson River Settlement-Dutch were economic and naval power-sent Henry Hudson to explore and trade –West India Company founded colony of New Netherlands - again conflict with natives 2. England Invades New Netherlands and force Dutch out of power(small population was relatively apathetic) Duke of York
II. The English Arrive in the Chesapeake A. Settling the Tobacco Colonies 1. The Jamestown Settlement-1607 Virginia Company-for profit-unprepared for survival skillshigh death rate from starvation-saved by tobacco and relationship with Powhatan and Pocahontas 2. The Indian Revolt of 1622 -surprise attacks killed over 300 colonists-led to revenge attacksled King James I to make Virginia a royal colony 3. Lord Baltimore Settles Catholics in Marylandfounded MD as a safe haven for Catholics and religious tolerance Toleration Act 1649 Tobacco
II. The English Arrive in the Chesapeake B. Masters, Servants, and Slaves 1. Indentured Servants-white men and women expenses to VA were paid by working as a servant for a period of 5 years before getting freedomended up in disease and poverty 2. African Laborers-originally a small number not legally enslaved-some Christianized Africans earned freedom and owned slaves-changed 1660 began being treated as inferior by race
II. The English Arrive in the Chesapeake C. Bacon’s Rebellion-1676 1. The Seeds of Social Revolt-poverty of indentured servants, William Berkley 2. Indians and Frontiersmen-poor land hungry whites fought natives through a series of back and forth attacks-Berkley sided with natives for selfish reasons 3. Nathaniel Bacon, Rebel Leader- led militia that attacked Indians, protested rule by the wealthy, and burned Jamestown-result?
III. Puritan New England A. The Puritan Migration 1. The Pilgrims-1620 Mayflower Compact-Plymouth, MA 2. John Winthrop and Massachusetts Bay-Boston “ City on upon a Hill”-Puritan theocracy-”Gods Chosen People”puritan work ethic 3. Roger Williams and Rhode Island-banished from Mass. Bay colony as a religious dissident-founded Rhode Island(most tolerant of all colonies) 4. Anne Hutchinson-banished as a heretic to RI 5. The Puritan Revolution in England-
III. Puritan New England B. Puritanism and Witchcraft 1. Supernatural Forces-God or Satan was in every event 2. Salem 1692 Witch Hunts-lack of scientific knowledge led to unfounded charges of witchcraft-after 19 hanged-government banned executing accused witches-why? C. A Yeoman Society, 1630 -1700 1. Proprietors-granted land ownership to male head of family also allowed poor men
IV. The Eastern Indians’ New World A. Puritans and Pequots 1. Praying Towns-missions that included natives that converted to Christianity. Pequot massacre 1636 What justified taking of Native lands? p 65 B. Metacom’s War of 1675 -1676 1. Metacom-aka King Phillip-organized violent attacks against settlers
IV. The Eastern Indians’ New World C. The Destructive Impact of the Fur Trade 1. Consequences-natives losing their artisan skills and religion, disease and alcoholism, destruction of animal population and altered the environment
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