Jacob Burckhardt 1818 1897 as a Problem for

Jacob Burckhardt (1818 -1897) as a Problem for Libraries and their Users Clustering of Catalogue Metadata for Evidence Based Decisions in Sharing, Preservation and Retro-Digitization Dr. Rupert Schaab PRINT ARCHIVE NETWORK FORUM ALA Annual 2018 New Orleans 22. 6. 2018

Corinna Roeder: Aussonderung von Printbeständen an wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken in Deutschland, 2016 Academic Libraries in Germany diselect nearly 2 Mio. volumes p. a.

Which should we retain/preserve?

Die Kultur der Renaissance in Italien – holdings at Göttingen University 1860 1 copy 1869 1 copy 1877/78 1 copy 1885 1 copy 1899 1 copy 1908 1 copy 1919 3 copies 1920 1 copy 1922 2 copies 1928 2 copies 1930 4 copies [c. 1934] 1 copy [1934] 1 copy ca. 1935 3 copies 1936 1 copy 1939 1 copy 1940 1 copy [1943] 1 copy 1952 1 copy [1955] 1 copy 1958 1 copy 1966 1 copy 1976 1 copy 1989 4 copies 2000 1 copy All in all: 37 copies in 25 manifestations Among them at the central library 10 copies in 10 manifestations 57 % off all published between 1919 and 1943, only 27 % after 1944

The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy – holdings at Oxford University G 1860 1 copy G 1869 1 copy 1878 5 copies G 1885 1 copy F 1885 1 copy 1890 1 copy 1892 1 copy 1898 1 copy G 1904 1 copy G 1913 1 copy 1914 1 copy G 1919 1 copy. I 1921 1 copy G 1926 1 copy G 1928? 1 copy G 1934 2 copies 1937 9 copies G 1943 1 copy c 1944 12 copies 1945 7 copies 1950 3 copies 1951 2 copies 1954 1 copy G c 1955 1 copy G c 1956 1 copy G 1958 3 copies G 1960 3 copies 1960 4 copies c 1960 3 copies 1975 1 copies G 1976 15 copies 1981 4 copies 1995 1 copy 2010 1 copy All in all: 93 copies in 34 manifestations Among them 9 copies in 9 manifestations in the Bodleian Library Only 17 % off all published between 1919 and 1943, but 67% after 1944

The Reception in Germany 1945

The Reception in the English Speaking World 1945

German Journal Database (ZDB): Number of copies (x) per manifestations (y) - 72% of all manifestations are represented in fewer than 4 copies - If the German libraries want to retain at least 3 copies of every manifestation, they would have to preserve 59% of all holdings 2016 - Because of the longevity of a lot of journals, the possible reduction by volumes will be significant higher.

German Collective Collection: Duplication Rates Group-scale Duplication in German Academic Collective Collection Group-scale Duplication 87% held in < 5 libraries 0 Global Duplication of Titles in German Academic Collective Collection 10, 000 Global 20, 000 Duplication 30, 000 (World. Cat) 40, 000 < 5 libraries 5 to 9 10 to 24 25 to 99 50, 000, 000 60, 000, 000 > 99 libraries 76% held in < 5 libraries 0 10, 000 20, 000 N = 59 M titles (OCLC control numbers) 30, 000 40, 000 Preliminary results presented by Constance Malpas (OCLC), October 2016

The dissemination of attributes using the structure of Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records (FRBR-work-clusters needed) Jacob Christoph Burckhardt (1818 -1897) author Die Zeit Constantin‘s des Großen work Die Cultur der Renaissance in Italien expression manifestation item Die Cultur der Renaissance in Italien SB Berlin Ar 1822<a> la civiltà di Rinascimento in Italia 2. durchges. Auflage 1869 1860 UB Basel Mer 785 e. g. VIAF-ID, variant nameforms -> clustering of all nameforms SUB Göttingen 8 H ITAL I, 230/18 Harvard Widener Library Ital 374 2. 2 B 2. durchges. Auflage 1869 -digitized tradotto sulla 2 a edizione tedesca 1876 Hathi Trust https: //hdl. h andle. net/20 27/hvd. hwjs NB Bern A 1294/1 e. g. uniform title, subject headings, classification -> clustering of all records of a work needed

Heidrun Wiesenmüller, Bibliothekartag 2009 Elements of different FRBR-levels in one record „The relationship between a work and a manifestation that embodies the work may also be recorded without identifying the expression through which the work is realized“. RDA 17. 4. 1

How many different english expressions are part of the Lo. C? • The civilization of the Renaissance in Italy : an essay / Jacob Burckhardt. • The civilisation of the period of the renaissance in Italy, by Jacob Burckhardt; authorised translation by S. G. C. Middlemore. . . • The civilization of the Renaissance in Italy : an essay / by Jacob Burckhardt ; the translation of S. G. C. Middlemore, rev. and edited by Irene Gordon. • The civilization of the Renaissance in Italy; an essay. Introd. by Hajo Holborn. [Translation by S. G. C. Middlemore]. • The civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, and other selections. Edited and abridged with an introd. by Alexander Dru. ….

How to cluster the translations from S. G. C. Middlemore ?

The Translation of Samuel George Chetwynd Middlemore (+1890) • Preface of 1 th edition 1878: „The translation ist made from the 3 rd edition of the original, recently published in Germany, with slight additions to the text, and large additions to the notes, by Dr. Ludwig Geiger of Berlin. It also contains some fresh matter communicated by Dr. Burckhardt to Professor Diego Valbusa of Mantua, the Italian translator of the Book. “ • Middlemore to Burckhardt 20. 3. 1889: „Nun darf ich Ihn fragen, ob Sie irgend einige Zusätze, Anmerkungen oder Verbesserungen mit der neuen Auflage einzuverleiben verlangen möchten? “ • Burckhardt to Middlemore 23. 3. 1889: „Zusätze habe ich Ihnen keine zu senden, da ich den italienischen Studien leider entfremdet worden bin. - Eine neuere Auflage als die IV. deutsche (wiederum von Prof. Geiger besorgte) giebt es nicht und ich glaube auch daß keine weitere folgen wird, indem das Buch jetzt seinen Dienst gethan zu haben scheint. “

No clustering Same manifestation as No. 1, printer in place of pubisher No clustering, although uniform title at hand Different romanization and normalization Cluster of 2 expressions but in reality same manifestation Cluster of 2 manifestations but in reality one Cluster of „ 599“ expressions? Cluster of „ 599“ manifestations from different expressions?

No clustering of cyrillic and romanized titles No clustering of the new translation different romanizations

Translations, transliterations and typos • • Basilea Basel Baßel Bafel Bâle Basle Bazel‘ • • Gottinga Goettinga Göttingen Götingen Goettinguen • • • Heidelberga Heidelberg Haidelberg Heidleberg Heidelburg …

Changes of publisher names and their appearances Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht Vandenhoeck u. Ruprecht Vandenhoeck et Rvprecht Vandenhoeck et Ruprecht Bandenhoed und Ruprecht Vandenhoeck und Rupprecht Vandenhoeck & Reprecht Vandenhoed und Ruprecht Eichenberg und Vandenhoeck Vidua Vandenhoeck Wittwe Vandenhoeck Abramvs Vandenhoeck Abrahamvs Vandenhoeck Abraham van den Hoeck V&R unipress V&R Unipress V & R unipress V & R Unipress

Big variety in describing manifestations, great dependances from the cataloging languages, orthography, abbreviations, guesses … [Nachdr. ] Sonderausg. Lizenzausg. Vollst. Ausg. Mit zahlr. Abb. Neudr. d. Urausg. Unveränd. Nachdr. d. Ausg. von 1955 Ungekürzt. Ausg. In der Textfass. d. Erstausgabe Ungek. Ausgabe 2. durchges. Aufl. 1950 [sic !] 28. -32. Tausend (1947) [1948] [1930? ] [ca. 1930] 15. Aufl. d. Urausg. , Ill. Ausg. 9. , durchgearb. Aufl. 6. Aufl. , unveränd. Nachdr. der 4. Aufl. 5. Aufl. , unveränd. Abdr. der 4. Aufl. 1896 4. , durchges. Aufl. , besorgt von Ludwig Geiger 1885 Große illustrierte Phaidon-Ausg. [ca. 1934] Grosse illustr. Phaidon-Ausg. ([1934]) Grosse ill. Phaidon-Ausg. “ 1. 3 Mio. different values for the edition field“ (Geipel/Pohl, Culturegraph, 2011)

Same ISBN used for different manifestations • isbn 3499163225 - 9 manifestations Same ISBN used for different works • isbn 340754670 X - 10 works Incorrect ISBNs (conflict number vs. check digit) • ISBN 3525513556 for 3525513666 In the German National Library Catalogue < 0, 5 % multiple used ISBNs (in 2005) Heinrich Allers in Inetbib 2005 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)

Works in World. Cat by FRBR types Caution: „Revised, augmented and collected/selected works together account for only 4% of the Works in World. Cat. Yet, this works represent more than 12 % of the manifestations (records). “ Bennet/Lavoie/O‘Neill (OCLC): The concept of a Work in World. Cat, 2003

- Can we cluster records of the same manifestation? - How to count copies of a clustered manifestation (n=x)? - Can we migrate, that there is a retention comittement ∞, Jacob Christoph Burckhardt a deacidificed ph or a (1818 -1897) digital copy ☻? Die Zeit Die Cultur der Constantin‘s des Renaissance in - How could we do this Großen Italien across different Die Cultur der la civiltà di Renaissance in databases? Rinascimento in Italien Italia UB Basel Mer 785 1860 2. durchges. Auflage 1869 n=2, ph n=2, ∞, ☻ SB PK Berlin AR 1822<a> SUB Göttingen 8 H ITAL I, 230/18 Harvard Widener Library Ital 374 2. 2 B 2. durchges. Auflage 1869 -digitized tradotto sulla 2 a edizione tedesca 1876 Hathi Trust https: //hdl. handl e. net/2027/hvd. hwjsb NB Bern A 1294/1 n=1

Selected Literature • Rick Bennet et. al. : The Concept of a Work in World. Cat - An Application of FRBR, in: Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services 27 (2003), S. 45 -59 • Constance Malpas, Brian Lavoie: Strength in Numbers. The Research Libraries UK (RLUK) Collective Collection. Dublin OH 2016 • Magnus Pfeffer: Using clustering across union catalogues to enrich entries with indexing information, in: Data Analysis, Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery, hg. von M. Spiliopoulou, Hildesheim 2014, S. 437 -445 • Corinna Roeder: Aussonderung von Printbeständen an wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken in Deutschland - Ein Überblick über die aktuelle Praxis und Rechtslage, in: Bibliotheksdienst 50 (2016) S. 1014 -1039 • Rupert Schaab: Überlieferungssicherung als Gemeinschaftsaufgabe – Ein Vorschlag an die Wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken Deutschlands, in: Bibliothek Forschung und Praxis 41 /2017), S. 391 -397 • Gail Thornburg: A candid look at collected works. Challenges of clustering aggregates in GLIMIR and FRBR, in: Information technology and libraries 33 (2014), S. 53 -64