Jacksons Actions Were the actions of Andrew Jackson

Jackson’s Actions

Were the actions of Andrew Jackson during his presidency in the best interest of the United States? Indian Removal Bank War Nullification Crisis

The "Indian Problem" Whites continue to move into Indian territory. States like Georgia were passing laws to try to force Indians from their lands. Worcester v. Georgia, 1832 Courts ruled that Indian territories were nations with separate laws and states had no jurisdiction within their boarders. The federal government did not enforce the court’s decision.

Indian Removal: Regional Opinions Election Results 1828 Indian Lands in 1828 • Do you think that the Indian Removal issue had an impact on the Presidential election of 1828? • Why did southern and frontier states all vote for Jackson?

Speech to Congress Supporting Indian Removal, 1830

Petition Against Indian Removal, 1830

The Indian Removal Debate The Case For Removal: Speech to Congress, 1830 How to you think the author of this speech feels about Indians and their culture? What do you think supporters of Indian Removal meant when they used the term “land exchange? ” The Case Against Removal Ladies of Steubenville, 1830 Is America’s decision on the Indian Removal issue a legal question or a moral question? What do the “ladies” think the consequences of forcing the Indians to move will be?

Decision Point: Indian Removal You are a member of congress in 1830 when the Indian Removal Act come up a vote. Do you vote for or against Indian Removal? Why?

Indian Removal…What Happened? Jackson leads the effort to pass the Indian Removal Act in 1830. Nearly all of the southern Indian tribes are forced to move to lands West of the Mississippi River. The forced march West becomes known as the “Trail of Tears. ”

" Long time we travel on way to new land. People feel bad when they leave Old Nation. Womens cry and make sad wails. Children cry and many men cry. . . but they say nothing and just put heads down and keep on go towards West. Many days pass and people die very much. "

Western Land Assignments by Tribe

What is “Banking”? What is money? What makes it valuable? Gold and silver? National bank: The wars (Revolutionary and 1812) left the United States in debt. Some states were bankrupt. We needed one unified currency. . . Alexander Hamilton suggested a central bank. The Bank of the United States would be this central bank. The Second Bank of the United States was also a commercial bank involved in making loans. Other banks resented the competition from this Federally supported institution. Should there be a Bank of the United States? Pro’s and Con’s

Bank War B. U. S. Interactive Slide Lecture

Bank War Pro-Bank Nicholas Biddle, B. U. S. president attempted to serve a public purpose by cushioning the ups and downs of the national economy U. S. government has access to substantial funding Bank should be based on paper money Anti-Bank Andrew Jackson, President U. S. A. Jackson believed BUS was too powerful because it was privately owned. Considered it unconstitutional regardless of Marshall’s Mc. Culloch vs. Maryland Bank should be based on specie (gold and silver)

The Bank War … What happened? • The Bank War inspired numerous cartoons. • Opponents referred to him as King Andrew because used the veto more than any president to that time…. . 12 times • Destroyed the BUS in 1832 with the veto.

The “Monster” Is Destroyed! v 1832: Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2 nd National Bank of the United States. v 1836: the charter expired. v 1841: the bank went bankrupt!

Results of the bank closing v Banknotes lose their value. v Land sales plummeted. v Credit not available. v Businesses began to fail. v Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837!

A triumphant Jackson holds his order to remove government deposits from the bank as the bank crumbles and a host of demonic characters scurry from its ruins.

The Nullification Crisis Should a state have the right to nullify federal law? Disagreements over who decides if a law is unconstitutional? The Supreme Court? The President? Congress? The States?

The Problem The Tariff of 1828 helped industry in the North, but the farming economy of the south was being hurt by the law. Cotton prices dropped from 31 cents per pound to 8 cents per pound in less than ten years. South Carolina leads to protest against what they saw as an unconstitutional law by “nullifying” it.

Who created the Constitution and what kind of government was created? Supporters of Nullification The people form the states, and the states form the federal gov. Opponents of Nullification The people came together to directly form the federal gov. Preamble to the Constitution = “We the PEOPLE…”

What documents do they use to support their position? Supporters: Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798 10 th Amendment John C. Calhoun (Vice President and South Carolinian) published “Exposition and Protest” anonymously.

What documents do they use to support their position on Nullification? Opponents of Nullification The supremacy of the national government based on the Supremacy Clause (Article VI) of the Constitution.

Which people would support this position? Pro-Nullification Anti-Nullification Led by Vice President Led by President Southern planters who Merchants (mostly John C. Calhoun rely on cotton and slavery Andrew Jackson Northerners) who like the Tariff Those supporting the authority of the federal government

Decision Point: Nullification The Problem The Tariff of 1828 angered many Southern states because it hurt their economy. South Carolina “nullifies” the Tariff. Possible Solutions Send in the military and force South Carolina to obey. Could lead to war Revoke the Tariff of 1828. Makes the federal government look weak Compromise Describe how you would “meet in the middle”

Nullification Crisis: What Happened? 1832 - SC calls a convention and nullifies the tariff and threatens secession creating major national crisis. Jackson signs the Force Bill and Tariff of 1833 at the same time. Force Bill authorizes military action to collect tariffs and prevent secession. Tariff of 1833 lowers the tax. “With this hand I offer peace, with this hand I offer war, you choose. ”

Nullification Crisis: What Happened? SC drops nullification, accepts the compromise tariff but nullifies the Force Bill at the same time. Both sides say they won.