Jacksonian Democracy 1824 1848 Taylor Hoffman Chrissy Schmitzer

Jacksonian Democracy (1824 -1848) Taylor Hoffman Chrissy Schmitzer And Dan Ryan Period. 1

The election of 1824 • Andrew Jackson ran against William Crawford, Henry Clay, and John Adams • The Corrupt Bargain • Jackson had the most popular votes but there was no majority in the electoral college • The vote went to the house of representatives • Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House at the time, convinced Congress to elect Adams • In return Henry Clay was given the position of Secretary of state • Adams to win the election

Election of 1828 Henry Clay vs. Andrew Jackson • Democrat • He was the popular candidate • His group was nicknamed the “King Mob” • He made his campaign very personal • Vice president was John C. Calhoun • Henry Clay • Whig Party along with Daniel Webster • sole support was opposition to Jackson’s polices • supported the supremacy of Congress over the executive branch • favored a program of modernization and economic protection

Whigs • • Political parties Modernization Wanted to use federal and state government to promote economic growth, especially transportation and banks. Advocated reforms such as temperance and public schools and prison reform. Were entrepreneurs who favored industry and urban growth and free labor. Favored gradual territorial expansion over time and opposed the Mexican War. Believed in progress through internal growth Whig ideology of urbanization, industrialization, federal rights, commercial expansion was favored in the North. Democrats • • Tradition Opposed banks and corporations as statelegislated economic privilege. Opposed state-legislated reforms and preferred individual freedom of choice. Were Jeffersonian agrarians who favored farms and rural independence and the right to own slaves. Favored rapid territorial expansion over space by purchase or war. Believed in progress through external growth. Democratic ideology of agrarianism, slavery, states rights, territorial expansion was favored in the South.

JACKSON won the election of 1828 • He became known for: • the spoils system, when a political party, won an election then gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory • The kitchen cabinet consisted of Jacksons political allies included his longtime political allies Martin Van Buren, Francis Blair, William Lewis and his new Attorney General Roger B. Taney.

Jackson’s Ideals • He opposed strong national government • Examples: • Maysville Road Veto, vetoed a bill which would allow the Federal government to purchase stock to construct a road linking Lexington and the Ohio River, the entirety of which would be in the state of Kentucky • He vetoed it because he felt funding of interstate issues with government funds was unconstitutional • Because it did not benefit all the people • Trail of Tears , was the relocation of Native Americans in the U. S, from their homelands in Oklahoma to the Western United States

Nicholas Biddle and the Bank Wars • Jackson disliked the federal banks and wanted to destroy them • On the other hand Nicholas Biddle wanted to recharter them • Jackson vetoed the re-charter because he thought the bank was unconstitutional and had become to powerful RESOLUTION: • Jackson took money out of federal banks and deposited them into pet banks, smaller state banks • This is how the Bank Wars began but eventful Biddle, the president of the national bank, lost the support of the public • Specie circular was Jacksons plan which required all land purchases to be paid for in gold or sliver rather then paper money • But the fallout of the National Bank and Specie Circular led to Panic of 1837

The Panic of 1837 Causes: • Jackson did not re-charter the bank • The banks produced to much paper money • And specie circular, Jackson’s plan of paying in gold or silver didn’t last Effects: • A five year depression followed • There was a bank failure • Followed by unemployment rates

Transcendentalism and American Romanticism Transcendentalism- new ideas in culture, religion, and literature, core belief was in an ideal spiritual state, which is found within ones self Examples of transcendentalists were Ralph Walden Emerson, David Henry Thoreau American Romanticism-a movement of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that marked the reaction in literature, philosophy, art, religion, and politics and gave rise to Realism Examples of Romanticists were Edgar Allen Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne

Moving the Native Americans • Andrew Jackson promoted the relocation of Native American tribes. • the government policy known as Indian removal, was signed into law by Jackson on May 26, 1830 • The relocation was supposed to be voluntary but pressure was put on Native American leaders to sign removal treaties • Most Americans favored the Removal act but there was significant opposition from people such as the Christians • In Worchester vs. Georgia ruled that it was unconstitutional to require the Cherokee tribe to relocate. • Jackson didn’t support this Supreme Court decision. • The Trail of Tears was the migration policy that relocated the Cherokees to Oklahoma. • The Seminoles did not leave peacefully as along with fugitive slaves they resisted the removal. • The Second Seminole War lasted from 1835 to 1842 • Which was a result of the forced removal of Seminoles • now only a small number to remain, and around 3, 000 were killed amongst American soldiers and Seminoles

Webster-Hayne Debate • Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina • Fueled by the concept of nullification • Daniel Webster believed that Calhoun and Hayne were questioning the federal government’s integrity. • Hayne believed that the states had the right to nullify a law. Webster's description of the US government as "made for the people, made by the people, and answerable to the people. "

Election of 1836 and Van Buren • Martin Van Buren took over after Jackson’s two terms. • Van Buren was held responsible for the Panic of 1837. • Disliked for his inability to bring the country out of its current problems. • Nicknamed “Martin Van Ruin”