IWMP Livelihood Activities What is Livelihood Livelihood is

IWMP Livelihood Activities

What is Livelihood ? Livelihood is: A set of economic activities, involving self -employment and/or wage-employment by using one’s endowments (human and material) to generate adequate resources (cash and non-cash) for meeting the requirements of self and the household, usually carried out repeatedly and as such become a way of life.

Ideally, a livelihood should keep a person meaningfully occupied, in a sustainable manner, with dignity Livelihoods, therefore, go far beyond generating income. A livelihood is much more than employment.

Two factors which ensure Livelihood support to families – Ø Income Generating Assets Ø Occupational Skills

What is a Livelihood Intervention? Livelihood interventions are conscious efforts by an agency or an organization to promote and support livelihood opportunities for a large number of people (other than those directly or indirectly employed by them).

Relevance of Livelihood Activities in a Watershed Project Watershed includes the human population also Poor people heavily depends on Natural Resources like soil, water & biomass for their livelihood Destruction of Natural Resources shall invariably affect the lives of marginalized people Watershed activities aims to conserve and regenerate these Natural Resources

Watershed & Livelihood Equity considerations are of concern in the watershed approach as the intervention is essentially land-based and may potentially exclude the landless.

Historically, the watershed programme has focussed upon techno-managerial interventions with least concern for livelihood security So people usually equate watershed programmes with construction of certain structures like check dam

In the new common guidelines for watershed programmes there is a shift towards a livelihood oriented approach where natural resources are conserved and enhanced not for the sake of nature itself but for its inhabitants too

And with this came the real application of Watershed Plus approach is an advanced form of watershed management where emphasis shifts beyond technical measures and constructions to drinking water security, livelihood security, sanitation facilities, credit availability, micro enterprise activities and other allied activities based on natural resources.

IWMP – Common Guidelines Livelihood activities for the asset less persons 9% of the Total Project Cost

Livelihood activities for the asset less persons ØTo maximize the utilization of potential generated by watershed activities Ø Creation of sustainable livelihoods and enhanced incomes for households within the watershed area.

Guiding Principles of Livelihood Improvement Emphasize on natural resource based activities Equity Gender sensitivity Transparency

Mode of Operation Implementation of LAP is through SHGs/or their federation SHGs should be homogeneous groups Activity can be taken up as a group or support individual(s) for activities under the umbrella of the main SHG

Eligibility BPL Families Preference should be given to SC & STs, women, especially female headed households, according to the wealth ranking conducted as part of the PRA exercise

Fund Management Funds can be used to provide financial assistance as Ø Seed money for Interest Free Loan to JLGs, (at least 70% of available funds) Ø Grant-in-aid for enterprising JLGs/SHG federations to undertake major livelihood activities (maximum 30%) Ø One time grant for WDS & BLWDS

Seed Money for Interest Free Loan Seed Money for JLGs Seed money may be given to JLGs as Interest free loan. Ø Maximum limit is Rs. 25, 000/- per JLG (90% of Project Cost can be given as Seed Money) Ø The JLGs should return the Seed money on monthly basis (maximum of 18 months) Ø

Funding of Major Livelihood activities For JLGs/SHG federations(with at least 5 SHGs) to avail a composite loan for undertaking major livelihood activities or upscale activities, as recommended by WC and approved by WCDC Composite loan = Grant-in-aid + Bank loan Grant-in-aid will be 50% of the project cost or Rs. 2 lakhs which ever is less Per head subsidy ceiling is Rs. 20, 000/-

One time grant for WDS & BLWDS For meeting the administrative Expenses of WDS & BLWDS ØRs. 25, 000/- for WDS ØRs. 40, 000/- for BLWDS

SHG - Directory Prepare a directory of all existing SHGs/NHGs incorporating all the details such as Name of SHG/NHG, number of members, profile of the members (men/women, PH, BPL or APL etc. ), date of formation, details of grading & bank linkage, assistance received etc.

Joint Liability Groups • Joint Liability Groups(JLGs) with 5 -10 members may be formed. • Members from existing SHGs/NHGs interested in a common activity can be pooled out and make a JLG.

These JLGs shall be registered in the WCs and consolidated register of such JLGs should be kept in the Block Panchayaths. Joint accounts shall be opened in banks in the name of office bearers of the JLGs No separate grading is required for JLGGs if the mother SHGs/NHGs concerned is graded.

If some members of the SHG/NHG are residing outside the watershed area, they may be avoided from availing benefits of financial assistance under the scheme. In such cases, JLG can be formed with those members residing in the watershed area

JLG Structure • • • 5 -10 members interested in similar activity JLGs shall be Men, Women or Mixed Groups 3 office bearers from each JLG – President, Vice President & Secretary Out of this one should be form SC/ST (if any SC/ST member available in that JLG), and one should be women (for mixed groups) Account of JLG shall be in the name of President & Secretary Separate minutes books & books of accounts

JLG Federation At Watershed level – Watershed Development Society (WDS) At PIA/Block level – Block Level Watershed Development Society (BLWDS)

Watershed Development Society (WDS) Formed at Micro watershed level where at least 10 JLGs formed WDS should have a General Body & Executive Committee General Body consists of 3 office bearers each from the JLGs

Executive Committee – 9 members selected form among the General Body. Out of this 5 shall be women and at least 2 from SC/ST President, Vice President & Secretary of the WDS may be elected form this Executive Committee – One among this office bearers should be women, and another one form SC/ST. All of these should be from BPL families Ex-officio member - VEO in charge of WC Secretary

Block Level Watershed Development Society (BLWDS) Formed at Project/Block level BLWDS should have a General Body & Executive Committee General Body consists of 9 Executive Committee Members each from all the WDSs

Executive Committee – 9 members selected form among the General Body. Out of this 5 shall be women and at least 2 from SC/ST President, Vice President & Secretary of the BLWDS may be elected from this Executive Committee – One among this office bearers should be women, and another one form SC/ST. All of these should be from BPL families Ex-officio members – BDO, EO(WW) & Social Mobilizer

Tenure of General Body & Executive Committee of both the WDS and BLWDS shall be two years Election shall be conducted after every 2 years Same person cannot continue as Executive Committee Member or Office bearer for more than two times continuously

Seed money - Application The Seed Money shall be sanctioned based on a valid proposal for feasible livelihood activity to be taken up by the JLG. This proposal shall be verified by the WC and forwarded to the PIA with their recommendation.

Seed money- Verification This proposal shall be examined in detail at PIA level by a four member team consisting of BDO, Jt. BDO (EGS), EO (WW) and GEO with the assistance of Agri. Assistant/Social Mobiliser of WDT. Based on their recommendation, approval shall be given by the PIA.

Before issuing the Seed Money, beneficiary JLG shall be sensitised about the provisions/conditions and the importance of timely repayment. There shall be a mechanism through field inspection of WDT experts to verify whether these JLGs have utilised the amount for the purpose for which the same is sanctioned.

Field inspection by VEOs, WDT members, within one month of release of assistance. In the case of misutilisation, the entire amount shall be recovered in lump.

Major Livelihood Activity The SHGs/NHGs passed second grading after completion of one year from formation of the group shall only be considered for assistance. JLGs formed by such SHG/NHG members may also be considered. • Invoking a provision of per head subsidy ceiling of Rs. 20, 000/- shall be considered. • AS in SGSY, back-end subsidy shall be released to Banks. •

The SHG/NHG/JLG shall submit detailed project proposal containing details of activity, project components, specific forward and backward linkages, availability of basic infrastructure like land, electricity and water, funding pattern, expected outcome etc. The WC shall forward this proposal to the PIA with their recommendations.

At the PIA level, a Team consisting of BDO, Jt. BDO (EGS), EO (WW) and GEO with the assistance of Agri. Assistant/Social Mobiliser of WDT shall examine the proposal in detail and forward to the WCDC for approval with their recommendation/remarks.

The WCDC, after proper verification, shall approve the proposal and return the same to PIA for submitting the same to the Bank chosen by the SHG/NHG/JLG. The WC may release financial assistance against this proposal only after getting approval from the concerned bank.

Selection Criteria • • • The order of preference for selection of JLGs/SHGs/NHGs for assistance shall be as follows: SHGs/NHGs/JLGs of which all members belong to SC/ST SHGs/NHGs/JLGs of which more than 50% of members belong to SC/ST SHGs of Differently Abled Persons Women SHGS/NHGs/JLGs Other SHGS/NHGs/JLGs

Livelihood Planning “Livelihood Action Plan” (LAP) – is a prerequisite for availing funds under the livelihood component This plan should be an integral part of DPR The LAP should be prepared during the preparatory phase by the PIA in consultation with the WDT, WC, SHGs, SC/ST, women, landless/assetless households

The LAP should analyze socioeconomic conditions & existing livelihood capitals of the watershed village LAP should contain schedule of activities, interventions, number of SHGs to be assisted and expected outcome

Comprehensive Planning of Livelihood Activities If the income of one person is spent within the local economy itself, it becomes the income of another within the same economy. For example, if a dairy farmer, Ram buys the fodder from a neighbouring farmer, Shyam, the money Ram spends on buying fodder becomes income of Shyam. This can have a perceptible implication for the economy as a whole.

Total income Amount spent within the economy Amount spent outside the economy Ram’s income 100. 0 20. 0 80. 0 Shyam’s income 20. 0 4. 0 16. 0 John’s income 4. 0 0. 8 3. 2 Rahim’s income 0. 8 0. 16 0. 64 Total income generated 124. 8

Total income Amount spent within the economy Amount spent outside the economy Ram’s income 100. 0 50. 0 Shyam’s income 50. 0 25. 0 John’s income 25. 0 12. 5 Rahim’s income 12. 5 6. 25 Total income generated 187. 5

If Ram could buy more fodder locally instead of buying cattle-feed from the town, the economy would have become stronger. To move towards this, we could train someone to produce better fodder locally. We could also train someone else to use the cow-dung to make compost, which in turn could be used for vegetable cultivation by other farmers. W could also train someone to prepare organic manures & bio pesticides This would keep the money flowing within the local economy and generate more income than before.

Training WCs shall assess the training need for that area and prepare a training plan to PIAs • This training plan should include – v Number of Groups & number of persons to be trained v Types of training required – BOT, Skill Training, EDP, Accounting, Costing, Marketing etc v Duration of Training proposed •

Based on this a comprehensive training plan shall be prepared by the Block Panchayaths Suitable Training Institutions / Agencies / Master Trainers shall be identified Training should be effective, and application oriented EO(WW) of Block Panchayaths should coordinate the training programmes

Skill Upgradation of MGNREGS Labourers Activities – Ø Plumbing Ø Electrical Repairing Ø Masonry Ø Manufacture of building materials Ø Home Nursing Ø House keeping Ø Carpentry Ø Coconut tree climbing Ø Manufacture of Organic Manure & Bio fertilizers Ø Agri-Horticulture Nursery Ø Fruit processing (Jack fruit, Pineapple etc)

Suggestive List of Activities Vegetable cultivation Lease land farming Backyard Poultry Cow/Buffalo rearing Goat farm Rabbit rearing Quail (Kada) farm Duck farm

Suggestive List of Activities Freshwater fish farming Ornamental fish farming Medicinal plant cultivation Arrowroot cultivation Vermi composting NADEP composting Mushroom cultivation Flory culture

Suggestive List of Activities Polyhouse/Precision Bee farming keeping Integrated farming Zero Budget Natural Farming Terrace farming Azolla cultivation Bonsai cultivation Pet animals/birds

What we have to do… SHG/NHG Directory JLG Formation JLG Federation

What we have to do… Livelihood Action Plan (LAP) v Identification of locally suitable activities for Seed Money Scheme v Fixing unit cost for each such activity v How many JLGs can be assisted under Seed Money scheme v Mechanism for ensuring repayment

What we have to do… v. Identification of locally suitable activities for Major Livelihood Scheme v Fixing unit cost for each such activity v How many JLGs can be assisted under Major Livelihood Scheme v Ensuring Bank linkage

What we have to do… Capacity Ø Ø r Ø Ø Ø Building Plan Activity wise JLG/SHG number Finding out suitable Institutions/Organisations/Maste Farmers Duration of each training Exposure visits required Projected Expenditure

Production System International Farming Year of Family Bringing all the families in the watershed area under homestead vegetable cultivation Ø Promoting bio fertilizer/bio pesticide production units as livelihood activity Ø Capacity Building through Krishi Bhavans/KVKs etc Ø

Some Resource Persons/Master Farmers Mushroom cultivation Ø Dr. A. V. Mathew, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Kumarakom, rarskum@sancharnet. in Ø Dr. D. Geetha, Professor, Agri College, Vellayani, Tvpm. Phone – 0471 2383573

Mushroom cultivation Programme Cordinator, KVK, Peruvannamuzhi, Kozhikode – 0496 2662372 Shyji, Eramallur, Ernakulam Dist – 9447707452, 8089410299 Thankavelu, Andalethukulam Veedu, Vilayodi, Perumatti. Phone 9447828414

Animal Husbandry Dr. P. V. Mohanan, Pappinisseri, Kannur, drmohananpilanku@yahoo. co. in

Vegetable cultivation VFPCK District Training Centers Ø Tvpm – 0471 2334480 Ø Kollam – 0474 Ø TCR – 0480 2755458 Ø PKD – 04922 222706 Ø MLPM – 0483 2768987 Ø KOZHKD – 0495 2160364 Ø PTA – 0473 4252030 Ø ALAP – 9447107254 2225517 Ø KTYM – 0481 2534709 Ø WYND – 04936 286012 Ø IDKI – 04864 223502 Ø KNR – 0497 2708211 Ø EKM – 0484 5517863 Ø KASGD – 0467 2217410

For Seed lings of Fruit bearing trees VFPCK Krishi Business Kendra, Near Doordarshan Kendra, Sea Port – Air Port Road, Kakkanad, Ernakulam Phone: 0484 2427455, 9497713883

Poly House/Precision farming P. G. Krishnakumar, Agri. Officer, Thrissur. Phone- 9446228311 Mohanan, Bhagavathivila House, Kulathur, Tvpm. Phone – 9747888927 Abdul Razakh, Mumthas Mahal, Kappad, Kozhikode. Phone – 9562000032 Abdul Rassakh, Haritha House, Chendamangalur, Kozhikode. Phone – 9745608029

Poly House/Precision farming Dr. K. P. Abdul Salam – 9895331317 Dr. P. Rajendran – 9447186158 State Horticulture Mission – 0471 2330857 Dr. Abdul Hakkim, Thavanur Precision Farming Development Centre. Phone – 9446279626

Fish farming Balan Maveli, Asst. Director (Retd. ), Fisheries Dept- 9447035824 Ornamental Fish farming – MPEDA Regional Centre, K. C. Abraham Master Road, Panampally Nagar, Kochi. www. mpeda. com – 0484 2315558 Njarakkal Office of KVK Ernakulam – 0484 2492450, 2317752 A. K. Salim, Nasiyan Manzil, Kudappanamoodu P. O, Tvpm – 9400448336

Fish farming Manoharan Nair, Divya Bhavan, Thachankode, Vinoba P. O, Tholikkode, Tvpm. Phone – 9495568619, www. manoharannair. blogspot. com V. T. Krishnan, Irinav, Kannur Dist. Phone – 9744383739 (Njandu Valarthal) Justinraj (Joy), Jalaja Bhavan, Chengottukonam, Kazhakkuttam, Tvpm. Phone – 9895554385

Quail (Kada) farming Coordinator, Anaswara Project, Poultry Higher Studies Centre, Veterinary College, Mannuthi, Thrissur. Phone – 9037401125 Rubish. N. S, Naduvile Parambil, Vayalodath West, Veliyathunadu P. O, Aluva, EKM – 9746472777 Poultry Training Institute, Chengannur Hatchery – 0479 2452277

Fodder grass cultivation P. C. Anilkumar, Dairy Extension Officer. Phone – 9495317803 Syam Sooraj S. R, Asst. Director, Dairy Development Dept. Phone – 9496447537 K L D Board – 0471 2440920, 2449138

Integrated Farming Sarasan. T. B, Thaliyil, Vilakkupadam, Pavaratty, Thrissur. Phone – 9656964650 Hameed & Majeed, Aaliyott Veedu, Edavarad P. O, Perambra. Phone – 9946056251 P. R. Joseph, Pallan Veedu, Mala, Thrissur. Phone – 9744622871 Raju. K, Royal Valley, Kandamthottukara Veedu, Kadammanitta, PTA. Phone – 9447561927

Integrated Farming Gopalakrishnan & Geetha, Kalarikkal Veedu, Kottayam – 9562354060 Anees Babu, Haritha, Madavur P. O, Kozhikode – 9446310112 Kamarajan, Areekkara House, Ravaneeswaram P. O, Pallikkara, KSGD – 0467 2233711 Binu Karunakaran, Karunalayam, Perungalam, Muntrothuruth, Kollam 9744982264

Integrated Farming T. K. Mohandas, Karunalayam, Kadakkarappally, Cherthala, Alappuzha – 9447421481 C. V. Shibu, Kocheri, Kumbalangi South, Kochi – 9496090363 M. B. Gopalakrishnan, Madathil House, Muriyad P. O, Iringalakkuda, TCR – 0480 2880257

Dairy Farm Geetha Udayakumar, Annapurnna Dairy Farm, Edakkod, Kollam Dist. Phone – 8281706118 Fr. Abey M Varghese, Mount Horeb Ashram, Muthupilakkad, Sasthamkotta, Kollam. Phone – 9847837017 Arif Khan. P. V, Oramkuzhiyil Dairy Farm, Chendamangalur Road, Kozhikode. Phone – 8943938365 Sugunan, Kodungallur SLPuram, Thrissur – 9995415299

Dairy Farm G. Jayasree, Krishna Dairy Farm, Koovalasserry, Maranallur – 9746726920 Govardhana Dairy Farm, Andoorkonam, Tvpm – 9497592917

Flori culture Vinu Karthikeyan, Sreeragam, Puthenthopp, Tvpm. Phone – 9447075088

Bee keeping Charlie Mathew, Royal Honey & Bee Farm, Kolichal P. O, Kasaragod. Phone – 9447775041

Medicinal Plant Purushothama Kammath, ‘Gurukulam’, Thammanam, Palarivattom, Kochi. Phone – 9249715119 P. V. Dasan, Akshara, Mundallur, Moonnu Periya, Peralasserry, Kannur. Phone – 9387059210, 04972827684 Agricultural College, Padannakkad – 9447382844

Inter cropping Dr. Ameena. M, Asst. Professor, Agri. College, Vellayani, Tvpm. Phone – 9446177109

Jack fruit – value addition James Joseph, Aluva, EKM. Phone – 9740877566