ITUT Jules Vernes Corner 2010 Make Possible the
ITU-T Jules Verne’s Corner 2010 “Make Possible the Impossible” The travel for Telepathy communication (B to B communication) Mitsuji Matsumoto Waseda University mmatsumoto@waseda. jp Julio Verne’s corner, Pune, India, 14 December 2010
Introduction EV using IWM was invented by F. Porsche around 1900. Wireless power supply using Magnetic Resonance and wireless power transmission technology were born around 1900. New innovative idea do not result simply. The current exciting technologies are based on the old idea. In general, in order for technologies to become popular, long time will be necessary. Sometimes the main technologies depend on the accomplishment of the peripheral technologies and well-appointed technical environment. This mean that we should look at the old idea or technologies again When we consider the future, we should find the seeds or eggs of technologies. Julio Verne’s corner, Pune, India, 14 December 2010 2
How to get Information from Brain At present Brain activities is measured by functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (f. MRI) or Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) However can brain scans show whether people are telling the truth? (by Mark Harris) This represents the location of brain activity. (Cerebral blood flow, etc. ) This is not suitable for mechanism for Telepathy communication. Julio Verne’s corner, Pune, India, 14 December 2010 3
Information expression in the brain What to measure is the activity of neurons and it’s neural networks. The main component for neural networks are essence fluid brain, glial cells and neurons. Synapse Neuron Cell Synapse Dendrite Brodmann's Cerebral cortex areas Julio Verne’s corner, Pune, India, 14 December 2010 Carlson(1998) 4
Fundamental Structure for Neuron Negative Neuron Look at the Information Expression of Brain by Sakurai, 2008 Synapse Input Output Glutamate Positive Neuron Spike Carlson(1998) Julio Verne’s corner, Pune, India, 14 December 2010 Number of Neuron cell: 1 x Number of Synapse/Neuron: Total Number of connection: 1 x Span of Synapse : several 10μm When Neuron get Input signal through Synapse, the electrical potential change to 0 or + and becomes Spike (1 ms) and transfered to the next Neurons. (SAP? ) Neuron has a Large memory. So the Neuron Network looks like Ultra Large Scale LSI. Neuron NW is manifold for Combination of Neurons and Collaboration between them 5
How to sence the information Functional Neuron Group for Specific Information Expression Hypothesis of “Cell-Assembly” by O. B Hebb (1949) (1)overlapping between Neurons (2) Functional combination Dynamics Julio Verne’s corner, Pune, India, 14 December 2010 6
How to detect the information BMI/BCI Electroencephalogram Electrocorticogram Neuronal Ensemble Activity Yodchanan 2010 Wongsawat; ”Trends on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) in Communications”, ITU Thailand Julio Verne’s corner, Pune, India, 14 December 7
Brain Sensing/Imaging Technologies: Why EEG? MRI – only anatomical data CT – only anatomical data ECo. G – highly invasive surgery SPECT – radiation exposure PET – radiation exposure MEG – extremely expensive f. MRI – extremely expensive f. NIR – currently expensive, still in infancy EEG – safe, easy, no medical expertise Julio Verne’s corner, Pune, India, 14 December 2010 8
EEG Recording National Geographic, March 2005 Julio Verne’s corner, Pune, India, 14 December 2010 NY Times Magazine, October 16, 2005 9
Rhythms of EEG appeared 300 ms after rare event Julio Verne’s corner, Pune, India, 14 December 2010 10
How to sense the expression information from the brain How to get the spike signals from the brain (1) Extracellular Recording (2) Intracellular Recording Screw Cranium Enlargement Spike sorting ms stick Stainless tube OD=200μm, ID=100μm Tungsten wire BD=15μm・ 20μm Julio Verne’s corner, Pune, India, 14 December 2010 Time ms Sakurai 2008 11
How to detect the information signal Problem 1: Spike Overlap issue Two adjacent spikes becomes active simultaneously or different spike were occurrence Adjacent Neuron separation Problem 2: each Neuron has different characteristics. Problem 3: Neurons are not always stable. Changing within short time Julio Verne’s corner, Pune, India, 14 December 2010 12
Intracortical Recording Using Microelectrodes Julio Verne’s corner, Pune, India, 14 December 2010 13
Signal Processing Time Domain - P 300 - SCP - MRP - Spike Detection Frequency Domain - Band Power - Synchronization Spatial Domain - Automatic Electrode Selection - Laplacian Filter - Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) - Independent Component Analysis (ICA) Julio Verne’s corner, Pune, India, 14 December 2010 14
Conclusion n Telepathy communication service/system will need further study. n However, BMI/BCI will be advanced hereafter 50 years. The solution will apply to Accessibility for persons with disable. n Standardization of Telepathy communication are for further study Application Julio Verne’s corner, Pune, India, 14 December 2010 15
Can realize 2 D or 3 D Transmission system? Ex. Can Endoscope like Kintaro-Ame We are jumping into 4 dimensional web from 3 dimensional network Can you give us 2 D Transmission instead of 1 D transmission today Endoscope offer 1 D signal Stick-Candy: Kintarou-Ame in Japan 16 Julio Verne’s corner, Pune, India, 14 December 2010 1
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