ITU Standardization and its new Environment Lisbon Portugal
ITU Standardization and its new Environment Lisbon, Portugal, 25 th June 2002 by Houlin ZHAO Director Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB) International Telecommunication Union, Geneva Place des Nations - CH-1211 Geneva 20 – Switzerland Tel: +41 22 730 5851 Fax: +41 22 730 5853 E-mail: tsbdir@itu. int ITU Home page address: http: //www. itu. int TSB 1
1837 1844 Invention of the first electric telegraph Samuel Morse sent his first public message over a telegraph Iine between Washington and Baltimore 1865 Foundation of the International Telegraph Union by twenty States 17 May with the adoption of the first Convention. First Telegraph Regulations. 1876 Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone 1924 1925 1927 1932 Paris - Creation of CCIF (International Telephone Consultative Committee) Paris - Creation of CCIT (International Telegraph Consultative Committee) Washington - Creation of the CCIR (Intl. Radio Consultative Committee) Madrid - Plenipotentiary Conference. Telegraph Union changes name to International Telecommunication Union 1947 1956 1992 ITU becomes a Specialized Agency of the United Nations Geneva - CCIF and CCIT merged into CCITT (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee) Geneva - Plenipotentiary Conference. Creation of 3 Sectors: ITU-T replaces CCITT, ITU-R replaces IFRB, CCIR, and ITU-D replaces TCD ITU Landmarks TSB 2
Structure of the ITU TSB 3
• mainly financed by Governments • work dominated by industry • procedures very efficient, no longer slow • seek effective cooperation with SDOs to share the work • should be open to emerging technologies • should be open to researchers / students • try to keep its pre-eminent status Situation of ITU Standardization TSB 4
CCITT 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee): 1 st Plenary Assembly 2 nd Plenary Assembly Red Books 3 rd Plenary Assembly Blue Books 4 th Plenary Assembly White Books 5 th Plenary Assembly Green Books 1976 1980 1984 1988 6 th Plenary Assembly 7 th Plenary Assembly 8 th Plenary Assembly 9 th Plenary Assembly Orange Books Yellow Books Red Books Blue Books ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union - Telecom. Standardization Sector): 1993 1 st World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC-93), Helsinki 1996 2 nd World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC-96), Geneva 2000 3 rd World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA-2000), Montreal CCITT and ITU-T TSB 5
"The functions of the Telecommunication Standardization Sector shall be, bearing in mind the particular concerns of the developing countries, to fulfill the purposes of the Union relating to telecommunication standardization, as stated in Article 1 of this Constitution, by studying technical, operating and tariff Questions and adopting Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis" Functions of ITU-T TSB 6
- Workshop / forum - Focus Group - Joint Group - Project team Organizational Structure of ITU-T TSB 7
Study Group 2: Operational aspects of service provision, networks and performance Study Group 3: Tariff and accounting principles including related telecommunications economic and policy issues Study Group 4: Telecommunication management, including TMN Study Group 5: Protection against electromagnetic environment effects Study Group 6: Outside plant Study Group 9: Integrated broadband cable networks and television and sound transmission Study Group 11: Signalling requirements and protocols ITU-T Study Groups and TSAG TSB 8
Study Group 12: End-to-end transmission performance of networks and terminals Study Group 13: Multi-protocol and IP-based networks and their internetworking Study Group 15: Optical and other transport networks Study Group 16: Multimedia services, systems and terminals Study Group 17: Data networks and telecommunication software SSG: IMT-2000 and Beyond TSAG: Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group (Priorities: IP, Mobility, next generation, security, …) ITU-T Study Groups and TSAG TSB 9
Approval of new and revised Recommendations Sequence of events (TAP) TSB 10
(a) 3 weeks 4 weeks LC SG or WP Meeting Edited Text for LC Director’s Announcement and Posting for LC (b) Director’s Announcement and Posting (c) (a) (b) Comment Resolution Edited Text Available LC: AR: 3 weeks AR Director’s Announcement and Posting for AR SG Meeting (b) (a) Approved Director’s Notification Last Call Additional Review AAP Sequence of Events (extract from Rec. A. 8) TSB 11
• • • Questions (projects) Contributions driven (normal contributions, delayed contributions, temporary documents) face-to-face meeting: - debate, determination, approval of reports, approval of Questions - SG/WP meetings: decision making; Rapporteur meetings: develop texts Decision = consensus, unanimous agreements Recommendations (Amendments, Corrigenda, supplements) draft Recommendations, determined draft Recommendations approved Recommendations, pre-published Recommendations, published Recommendations Implementor’s Guides Meeting reports Electronic submissions, web consultations, email, ftp Paperless meeting – LAN/Wireless – LAN connections in meeting rooms Working methods TSB 12
Series A Organization of the work of the ITU-T Series B Means of expression: definitions, symbols, classification Series C General telecommunication statistics Series D General tariff principles Series E Overall network operation, telephone service, service operation and human factors Series F Non-telephone telecommunication services Series G Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks Series H Audiovisual and multimedia systems Series I Integrated services digital network ITU-T Recommendations Series (1) TSB 13
Series J Transmission of television, sound programme and other multimedia signals Series K Protection against interference Series L Construction, installation and protection of cables and other elements of outside plant Series M TMN and network maintenance: international transmission systems, telephone circuits, telegraphy, facsimile and leased circuits Series N Maintenance: international sound programme and television transmission circuits Series O Specifications of measuring equipment Series P Telephone transmission quality, telephone installations, local line networks ITU-T Recommendations Series (2) TSB 14
Series Q Switching and signalling Series R Telegraph transmission Series S Telegraph services terminal equipment Series T Terminals for telematic services Series U Telegraph switching Series V Data communication over the telephone network Series X Data networks and open system communication Series Y Global information infrastructure and internet protocol aspects Series Z Languages and general software aspects for telecommunication systems ITU-T Recommendations Series (3) TSB 15
2001 - Best selling texts (in the order of sales number from 09/01): H. 323 G. 707/Y. 1322 G. 783 G. 703 G. 991. 2 G. 709 H. 225. 0 G. 729 Q. 763 Q. 931 G. 704 G. 703 G. 807/Y. 1302 Q. 763 Q. 931 H. 248 Annex K P. 862 G. 711 H. 248 G. 871/Y. 1301 Some well-known ITU-T Recommendations: E. 164 E. 190 E. 212 G. 655 G. 692 G. 703 G. 704 G. 723 Annex A+disk G. 723. 1 G. 729+Annex A+disk G. 957 G. 982 G. 990 -series (x. DSL) H. 225. 0 H. 245 H. 248 H. 263 H. 323 I. 365 I. 432 I. 731 J. 112 J. 117 M. 3010 M. 3100 M. 3400 Q. 931 Q. 1700 -series (IMT-2000) T. 30 T. 37 T. 38 V. 34 V. 44 V. 59 X. 25 X. 36 X. 509 X. 680 -series (ASN. 1) Y. 1310 Y. 1540 G. 711 G. 720 G. 780 -series (SDH) H. 324 H. 450 V. 90 X. 690 V. 92 X. 840 -series G. 826 Best Sellers of ITU-T Recommendations TSB 16
Approval and publication time of Recommendations TSB 17
Three major items: - IP-related issues - IMT-2000 - Accounting rates Other items: - Multi-media, access networks (x. DSL), optical transmission, security, numbering and addressing, inter-operabilities, IPR, etc. ITU-T's main work areas TSB 18
q 7 k. Hz band - wideband (G. 722 -series) q 4 k. Hz band - analogue q 64 kbit/s - PCM, G. 711, 1972 q 32 kbit/s - ADPCM, G. 721, 1984 q 16 kbit/s - G. 728, 1992 q 8 kbit/s - G. 729, 1996 q 4 kbit/s - G. 4 kbps ITU-T’s work on voice coding TSB 19
q Classic facsimile (G 3, G 4) T. 4, T. 6 q B/W still pictures (JBIG) T. 82, T. 83 q Cont. tone colour (JPEG) T. 81 (JPEG-LS) T. 86 (JPEG-2000) T. 800 q q (lossless) ITU-T’s work on still picture coding TSB 20
q H. 261 - video coding at n x 64 kbit/s q H. 262 - generic video and audio coding q H. 263 - video coding for low bit rates q H. 26 L - in progress (vs. MPEG-4) - improved multimedia video coding ITU-T’s work on moving picture coding TSB 21
622 Mbit/s OPTICAL ACCESS 50 Mbit/s VDSL 25 Mbit/s 8 Mbit/s HDSL/ ADSL 2 Mbit/s 640 kbit/s ISDN Analog modems 128 kbit/s 9. 6 kbit/s 56. 6 kbit/s 28. 8 kbit/s 1989 Year 1997 Access network 2000 TSB 22
q Fully optical networks q Increased bit rates (up to 40 Gbit/s) q Use of multi-wavelength techniques DWDM q Use of optical amplifiers q Interoperability and interconnection q Submarine optically amplified DWDM q Access networks for new high speed services ITU-T’s work on Optical networking TSB 23
Ø E. 164 … Ø G. 707 (SDH), G. 709 (OTN), G. 722 (7 k. Hz), G. 728 (16 kbit/s), G. 729 (8 kbit/s), G. 99 x (x. DSL) … Ø H. 248 (gateway), H. 323 (multimedia systems) … Ø I. 365 (FR), I. 432 (B-ISDN), I. 732 (ATM) … Ø J. 112 (Cable TV), J. 16 x + J. 17 x (IPCablecom) … Ø M. 3120 (CORBA for TMN) … Ø Q. 933 (DSS 1), Q. 1300 (TASC), Q. 1930 (BICC), Q. 27 xx (B-ISDN), Q. 29 xx (DSS 2) … Ø T. 37, T. 38 (IPfax), T. 12 x (multimedia conference) … Ø V. 29 (9. 6 K modem), V. 34 (34 kbit/s), V. 90/V. 92 (56 kbit/s) … Ø X. 25, X. 76 (FR), X. 85 (IP over SDH), X. 86 (Ethernet over LAPS), X. 121, X. 4 xx (MHS), X. 5 xx (Directory), particularly X. 509, X. 68 x/X. 69 x (ASN. 1), X. 8 xx (security), X. 9 xx (ODP) … Ø Y-series: dedicated to IP and GII Ø Z. 100 (SDL), Z. 14 x (TTCN), Z. 3 xx (MM languages) … … ITU-T’s products for IP-networks TSB 24
q Specified IMT-2000 systems and its spectrums q Interworking functions to be used with existing and evolving IMT-2000 systems q Convergence of fixed and existing IMT-2000 systems q New Generation of mobile systems ITU-T’s mobile communications TSB 25
q Quality of Service (Qo. S) q Numbering and routing q Security q Tariffs and Accounting rates q Interworking Ensuring global interoperability TSB 26
01/2000 12/2001 difference Administrations 189 - ROAs 161 179 + 18 SIOs 189 234 + 45 Associates - 30 + 30 Others 40 39 -1 (Others: such as ISO, IEC, ISOC/IETF, INTELSAT, INMARSAT, EUTELSAT, ETSI, CEPT…) ITU-T Members TSB 27
ROAs (87/1783) Administrations (96/2208) SIOs (167/1875) U. S. A. 342 NTT 188 Lucent 166+58 + China 232 FT 184 Ericsson 147+5+ Germany 187 BT 148 Siemens 136+17+ France 106 DT 134 Nortel 91+51+ Russia 99 ATT 77 Alcatel 35+23+40+18+ U. K. 95 KDDI 69 CSELT 69 Canada 63 Telecom Italia 65 NEC 47 Japan 63 Swisscom Nokia 46 India 62 KT 59 Fujitsu 42 Ukraine 58 Telenor 58 Telecordia 36 Italy 56 Royal KPN 58 Motorola 27+8 Syria 53 Telia 46 OKI 32 Korea 50 Telekom Austria 37 ETRI 32 Total: 1466 (66%) 65 Total: 1188 (67%) Total: 1126 (60%) (Note – Cisco: 13) Top Members participation (07/98 -08/00) TSB 28
- ITU-T work is shared by Governments and Industry Members (service providers and telecom equipment vendors) - Individual Industry Memberships in ITU Sectors - 13 out of 14 Study Group Chairmen (including TSAG) appointed are from Sector Members - Classic telecom members (to attract new IT Members) - Director’s Informal Consultation meeting (with Industries) known as “Martigny meetings”, twice: Feb. 2000 and Feb. 2001 - Key point of ITU Reform: Industry Members’ rights and duties (partnership) Industry Members’ role TSB 29
Membership fees Annual fee (US$) Budget SDO Note (25, 000 $) 40, 000 SFr ITU-T Minimum mandatory Other optional ½ unit (31, 500 SFr) 20, 000 20, 275, 000 $ (21, 909, 000 Euros) ETSI Mandatory according to turnover 45 units (5, 000 Euros/unit) 211, 050 IETF Depending on participation 350 $/500 $ per meeting person, 3 meetings per year 1050/1500 x ? Mandatory $ 42, 000 / $ 18, 000 / $ 10, 000 standards free 42, 000 Through national members Shared by national members (five big members pay 9% of the budget) (individual company up to 50, 000) 1, 200, 000 $ ECMA (18, 300, 000 $) 29, 305, 000 SFr ISO (11, 900, 000 $) 19, 000 SFr IEC (4, 456, 200 Euros) 4, 000 $ 3 GPP Shared by 6 SDOs Average 500, 000/SDO 1, 840, 000 $ 3 GPP 2 Shared by 5 SDOs Average 360, 000/SDO 2, 870, 000 $ W 3 C Mandatory IEEE Mandatory ATM Mandatory + meeting fees 50, 000 $ / 5, 000 $, standards free 50, 000 5, 000 $ 14, 000/5, 000/3, 500/1, 500, $ 250/275 per meeting 4 meetings/year, standards free 14, 000+1, 000/1, 100 x? (Some SDOs receive secretariat support from their members; such expenditures are not counted in the budget. ) Company’s dues to SDOs (ITU-T Associates = US $ 6, 000) TSB 30
Intergovernment NGOs ITU ISO, IEC …. . (ITU-T and ITU-R) Forums / Consortia / SDOs 1394 TA AMI-C Bluetooth Commerce. Net DHF ECMA EIDX FCIA GSM Assoc. IEEE IPv 6 JECALS LONMARK MOPA OIF PHS Mo. U SCTE TINA-C UMTS Web 3 D 3 G. IP 3 GPP AOEMA AOW Cable Modems CBOP Commerce. Net J Committee T 1 DISA DOPG ECOM ECTF EMA EMF FCIA-J FIPA HNF Home API IETF IFIP Ir. DA ITS America JEDIC JEMA MCPC MDG. org MPLS Forum MSF OMG OSGi PICMG PKI SDL Forum SDR TM Forum TOG USBIF UWCC Wf. MC WIN Forum 3 GPP 2 ARIB CDG COS DSL Forum EDIFICE ERTICO FRF Home. PNA IFSA ITS UK JICSAP MITF MWIF PCCA POF SSIPG TSC W 3 C WLIF AIM ATM Forum CIF CPR ECE EDS ETSI FS-VDSL HRFWG IMTC JAVA JIMM MMCF OASIS PCISIG Salutation STA TTA WAP XTP Forum AMF BINTERMS CII CTFJ ECHONET EEMA EWOS FSAN IDB Forum IMWA JCTEA JMF Mobile Web ODVA PCMCIA SCF TIA TTC WDF ……… ITU positioning TSB 31
• ISO, IEC, ISO/IEC JTC 1 cooperation since the 1970 s; common texts since 1992 WTSA-2000 Resolution 7, Recommendation A. 23 Joint President Cooperation Group (JPCG) World Standards Cooperation (WSC) • IETF ITU-T Member since 1995 Mo. U PSO, July 1999; provide secretarial support to PSO, since 08/01 Joint management team meetings in 11/99 and 08/01 • ETSI ITU-T Member since early 1990 s Mo. U cooperation in June 2000 • ISO, IEC, UN/ECE Mo. U on e-business in March 2000 • GSC (Global Standards Collaboration): Since March 1994 TTA, TTC, ARIB, ETSI, T 1, TIA, TSACC, ACIF, ITU-T coordination with SDOs TSB 32
ISOC membership in ITU q ITU Council-95 accepted ISOC as a Sector Member with provisional exemption of membership fee on a temporary basis q ITU Council-96 extended ISOC as a Sector Member with provisional exemption until the PP-98 q ITU Council-99 granted exemption to ISOC as a Sector Member on a permanent basis Cooperation between ISOC/IETF and ITU/ITU-T TSB 33
ITU Resolution 101 (Minneapolis, 1998): “Internet Protocol (IP)-based networks” ITU Resolution 102 (Minneapolis, 1998): “Management of Internet domain names and addresses” ITU-T Recommendation A. 5 (01/98): “Generic procedures for including references to documents of other organizations in ITU-T Recommendations” Annex A: Information specific to ISOC/IETF documents ITU Council-99 endorsed two actions (C 99/51): 1. Participation by ITU-T in ICANN PSO 2. ITU Management of the. INT top level domain ITU Resolutions and ITU-T Recommendation conc. Internet TSB 34
q Good cooperation between ITU-T and IETF started in 1997, good results for T. 37, T. 38, H. 248, etc. q ITU-T becomes one of the founding members for PSO - Mo. U signed in Oslo, 14 July 1999 - take over the secretariat support for PSO since August 2001 q My presentation at the IETF-45 Plenary warmly welcomed q Joint meeting of ITU-T SG Chairs and IETF Area Directors: 1 st meeting: Washington, D. C. , 7 November '99 (30 participants) 2 nd meeting: London, 5 August 2001 (30 participants) q Joint meeting with IAB, London, 5 August (20 participants) Cooperation with IETF/IAB TSB 35
q ITU-T already defined processes for working with other organizations, and TSAG enhanced these to include working with IETF q Guidelines were prepared for the SGs, including issues such as: - how to interact on ITU-T and IETF work items, including: * how ITU-T learns about existing and proposed new IETF work items * how IETF learns about ITU-T work items q Representation, including: - IETF recognition at ITU-T meetings and vice-versa - communication contacts - mailing lists q Document sharing, including: - drafting - the passing of documents between the Organizations - cross referencing Cooperation with IETF TSB 36
q IETF protocol defined in RFC 2916 q E. 164 number can be used to look up a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) - Web addresses most commonly known URIs q Allows using E. 164 number in context of combined PSTN & IP services (email, fax, SIP address, coordinates, other? ) For example: +44 1206 762335 5. 3. 3. 2. 6. 7. 6. 0. 2. 1. 4. 4. e 164. TLD What is ENUM? TSB 37
q Define and implement administrative procedures that coordinate delegations of E. 164 numbering resources into the agreed DNS name servers q Director of TSB, on behalf of Administrations, to control the implementation of ENUM under e 164. arpa on a trial basis, while the registering is done by RIPE NCC ITU-T Responsibilities regarding ENUM TSB 38
q ICANN Board of Directors, 3 from PSO (Mr. Vinton G. Cerf, Mr. Davidson (BT), Mr. Schink (Siemens) (ITU proposed candidate)) q ICANN Independent Review Panel (IRP) Nominating Committee 6 members: Mr. H. Zhao 3 years PSO (Director of TSB/ITU) Mr. T. Lee 2 years PSO Ms. C. Liu 3 years ASO Mr. J. K. Park 2 years ASO Mr. S. Hemphill 3 years DNSO Mr. O. Iteann 2 years DNSO q GAC: Mr. R. Shaw and Mr. R. Hill ITU’s involvement in ICANN TSB 39
q President of ICANN call for reform in February 2002 q TSB Director conducted informal consultation with ITU Members in March/April q TSB Director presents a paper to ICANN on its reform, offering to assist ICANN in certain areas q ITU Council-2002 unanimously supported TSB Director’s initiative q Many contacts between ITU-T and the outside partners concerned q Hope for a successful ICANN reform ICANN Reform TSB 40
q ITU-T Rec. A. 4: communication with forums and consortia q ITU-T Rec. A. 5: referencing documents of other organizations in ITU-T Recommendations q ITU-T Rec. A. 6: cooperation and exchange of information with SDOs q Invitation to the Informal Forum Summit by the Director of TSB (December 3 -4, 2001) ITU-T Cooperation with forums / consortia / SDOs TSB 41
A. 4 A. 5 A. 6 ASN. 1 Consortium ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Businesses) ARIB ATM Forum Committee T 1 DSL Forum Committee T 1 CWTS ETIS (e-and telecommunication info. services) CWTS (China Wireless Telecommunication Standard Group) ECMA FRF (Frame Relay Forum) DSL Forum ETSI IMTC (Multimedia) ECMA Standardizing Information & Communication Systems IEEE IPDR Organization ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) JCTEA IPv 6 Forum FRF NIST MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching) Forum IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) SCTE MSF (Multiservice Switching Forum) ISOC/IETF (Internet Society/Internet Engineering Task Force) TIA OASIS JCTEA (Japan Cable Television Engineering Association) TTA OIF (Optical Internetworking Forum) MPLS Forum TTC OMG (Object Management Group) NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) SDL Forum Society OASIS TM Forum (Tele Management Forum) OIF W 3 C (World Wide Web Consortium) OMG SCTE (Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers) TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) TM Forum TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association) TTC (Telecommunication Technology Committee) W 3 C Members for Rec. A. 4, A. 5 and A. 6 relationship TSB 42
q Cooperation on common subjects (liaisons, communications, mutual participation) q Cooperation on workshops q ITU-T provide draft texts and other documents to SDOs to post for public consultation q ITU’s permission for SDOs to reproduce ITU-T texts q More to be done for mutual benefit: market study, joint promotion, mutual reference, joint conferences, efficient coordination, common IPR policy, etc. q “Informal Forum Summit”, Geneva, December 2001 q FS-VDSL Forum to be changed into an ITU-T SG 16 Focus Group Cooperation activities with SDOs (General) TSB 43
q Some forums become A. 4 members of ITU-T q FS-VDSL Forum will become a Focus Group of ITU-T SG 16 q Another Forum is considering to become a Focus Group of ITU-T q Home page connections for ITU-T and Forums/Consortia q ITU-T SG 16 management member be included in the Forum leadership q New approaches… TO COOPERATE and WORK TOGETHER! New relationships between Forums/Consortia and ITU-T TSB 44
q “Consensus: after WTSA-2000, the ITU-T procedures are now very streamlined and efficient so that any perception of slowness can no longer be attributed to the ITU-T methods…” q “fully recognized that Sector Members have a significant leadership role in the ITU-T technical standardization activities…” q “ITU-T is and should remain the unique worldwide venue for industry and governments to work together in developing, providing and promoting global consensus-based telecommunication requirements and standards for the Information Society” q Welcome you in ITU-T! ***** Industry Views on ITU-T Martigny, February 2001 TSB 45
- Slides: 45