Its all about energy Energy and its transfercontrol

It’s all about energy… Energy and it’s transfer…control Earth’s systems.

§Definition: The ability to do work or to transfer heat §Work is the transfer of energy to move an object a certain distance

§All people, places, and things have energy §We can’t see energy, just the effects of energy when it is being transferred or transformed

§Electromagnetic- Energy from the electromagnetic spectrum §Chemical - Energy released during a chemical reaction §Nuclear- Energy released during radioactive decay or fusion

§Potential §The energy STORED in matter due to its position relative to other objects §Kinetic §The energy of a MOVING object

§Electrical §Mechanical §Chemical §Thermal (HEAT) §Nuclear §Radiant

§ Energy generated when moving electrons from one atom to another.

§ The energy a substance or system has because of its motion AND its position. (kinetic and potential) § When work is caused to be done.

§ (1) The iron hammer on its own, has no kinetic energy, but it has some potential energy (because of its weight). (2) To drive a nail into the piece of wood (which is work), he has to lift the iron hammer up, (this increases its potential energy because if its high position). (3) And force it to move at great speed downwards (now has kinetic energy) to hit the nail. § The sum of the potential and kinetic energy that the hammer acquired to drive in the nail is called the Mechanical energy, which resulted in the work done.

§ Energy stored within the bonds between molecules. § The energy is released in a chemical reaction § The most common examples are fuels such as: § Gasoline § Coal § Natural Gas § Wood § Food

CHEMICAL ENERGY

§ Also known as heat. § The energy of moving or vibrating molecules. § The hotter it is the more the molecules move and vibrate. § Correlates with temperature but is not temperature. § What is temperature?

§ How hot or how cool an object is. § Measured in Celsius, Fahrenheit or Kelvin § It is a numerical value

§ The form of energy related to movement of light, electromagnetic waves, or particles. § This form of energy can travel through space! § When radiant energy comes in contact with matter, it changes the properties of matter. § For example: Using the “microwave” to heat a cup of water.

§ The energy released when the nuclei of an atom are split or fused. § What are examples of nuclear energy?

§ The Earth has two energy sources…where do these energy sources come from? § Nuclear Fusion…. from the SUN § Radioactive Decay(Nuclear Fission)…. from the CORE of the Earth

§ Atoms fuse together to form a larger atom. In stars like the sun, hydrogen atoms fuse together to form a helium atom and energy.

§ You might be thinking….

§ So lets keep it simple: § (1) lift both of your hand in the air…these represent two molecules § (2) fold your fingers from both hands together…this represents nuclear fusion. § Two molecules combine together to make a bigger molecule…. creating NUCLEAR energy. § This happens in the SUN.

§ The splitting of an atom’s nucleus into two smaller nuclei. § Use your hands to show me how you think this reaction occurs. § (1) Start with your fingers from both hands folded together…. this represents the atom’s nucleus. § (2) Separate your hands… this represents the splitting. § This occurs in the Earth’s core…to produce energy (HEAT).

Orignal Atom Radioactive decay 1 st half-life Radioactive decay 2 nd half-life What pattern do you see occurring? Radioactive decay 3 rd half-life

§The Earth has two sources of energy, both NUCLEAR §Fusion in the sun §Radioactive decay(Fission) in the core

§ Draw this on ISN p. 32

Fusion vs. Fission Use the following: Nuclear Energy Produces Helium Sun Combines Hydrogen Earth’s Core Tritium Splitting of atoms Half-Life Fusing of atoms Radioactive decay

§Conduction -the movement of heat (thermal energy) between objects that are in direct contact with each other §Solids conduct § http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=-Uc. BRve. X_78&feature=related

§Convection - the movement of heat by currents in a heated material due to temperature or density differences. §The particles in a fluid (air or a liquid) transfer heat from hot areas to cool areas… known as convection currents.

§Radiation - the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves. §Hot objects radiate heat. ex. stars, such as the Sun.

§ https: //www. bing. com/videos/search? q=discovery+ed+heat+trans fer&&view=detail&mid=7 FF 78687 DD 70 F 1 B 64 E 277 FF 78687 DD 7 0 F 1 B 64 E 27&rvsmid=360083 CF 486 AD 7 E 0 CB 89360083 CF 486 A D 7 E 0 CB 89&fsscr=0&FORM=VDFSRV § http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7 Y 3 mf. AGVn 1 c