ITEMIZED DEDUCTIONS SPRING 2018 LAMC INTRODUCTION Taxpayers should

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ITEMIZED DEDUCTIONS SPRING 2018, LAMC

ITEMIZED DEDUCTIONS SPRING 2018, LAMC

INTRODUCTION Taxpayers should generally itemize their deductions if they are greater than their standard

INTRODUCTION Taxpayers should generally itemize their deductions if they are greater than their standard deduction. Itemized deductions: subtractions from a person’s adjusted gross income (AGI) that reduce the amount of income that is taxed. Most taxpayers have choice to either take the standard deduction or itemized deduction. Who should itemize? Those who have zero standard deduction – MFS and spouse is itemizing Filing return for short tax year b/c of change in annual accounting period Considered to be nonresident alien or dual status alien during tax year (not married to U. S. citizen or resident at end of tax year)

ITEMIZED DEDUCTIONS Itemized deductions include: Medical and dental expenses Certain taxes paid Mortgage interest

ITEMIZED DEDUCTIONS Itemized deductions include: Medical and dental expenses Certain taxes paid Mortgage interest Gifts to charity Casualty and theft losses (outside scope of VITA) Miscellaneous deductions

MEDICAL AND DENTAL EXPENSES Only medical and dental expenses that exceed 10% of AGI

MEDICAL AND DENTAL EXPENSES Only medical and dental expenses that exceed 10% of AGI can be deducted. Whose expenses are covered? Taxpayer Spouse Dependents at time medical services provided or paid Individuals who could be taxpayer’s dependent except – Do not meet gross income test; or Do not meet joint return test; or Taxpayers, or their spouse filing jointly, could be claimed as a dependent on someone else’s return

MEDICAL AND DENTAL EXPENSES Types of expenses covered Refer to Publication 4012, Tab F:

MEDICAL AND DENTAL EXPENSES Types of expenses covered Refer to Publication 4012, Tab F: F-5, Schedule A – Itemized Expenses Types of expenses covered: Fertility enhancement, treatment for drug or alcohol center, diagnostic services, stop-smoking program Types of expenses not covered: cosmetic surgery, funeral expenses, nutritional supplements

EXERCISES Martha paid medical and dental bills listed below. , and wants to know

EXERCISES Martha paid medical and dental bills listed below. , and wants to know which bills are qualified expenses for her tax return. The total of her qualified medical expenses is $_____. Medical Bills Amount Unreimbursed Doctor Bills $1, 000 Hospital Insurance Premiums $200 Life Insurance Premiums $150 Vitamins $50 Smoking-cessation program $250 Hospital bill (before insurance company reimbursement of $600) $1, 000 Deductible?

DEDUCTIBLE TAXES Taxes that can be deductible are: State and local income tax (i.

DEDUCTIBLE TAXES Taxes that can be deductible are: State and local income tax (i. e. withheld taxes, estimated tax payments, other tax payments) Sales tax Real estate taxes (generally reported on Form 1098 – Mortgage Interest Statement Homeowner Association fees not deductible Taxpayers may deduct either sales tax or state and local income tax, but not both Taxes NOT deductible Employment taxes Federal income taxes License fees

HOME MORTGAGE INTEREST Home mortgage interest, points (paid as a form of interest) and

HOME MORTGAGE INTEREST Home mortgage interest, points (paid as a form of interest) and investment interest (outside scope) can be itemized. Home mortgage interest is any interest paid on a loan, line of credit, or home equity loan secured by the taxpayer’s home. Form 1098 -Mortgage Interest Statement will show the amount of interest paid. Only taxpayers who are legally liable for the debt can deduct the interest in the year it is paid. Points: charged to borrower to secure a loan – Maximum loan charges Premium charges Loan discount points Prepaid interest Only points in the form of interest are deductible

INTEREST Types of interest not deductible: Interest on car loans where the car is

INTEREST Types of interest not deductible: Interest on car loans where the car is used for nonbusiness purposes Other personal loans Credit investigation fees Loan fees for services needed to get a loan Interest on a debt the taxpayer is not legally obligated to pay Finance charges for nonbusiness credit card purchases

EXERCISES Jason and Lily file a joint return. During the year, they made the

EXERCISES Jason and Lily file a joint return. During the year, they made the interest payments listed below. The total of Jason and Lily’s fully deductible interest for the tax year is $ _____. Interest Paid Amount Qualified interest on their home mortgage, reported on Form 1098 $3, 000 Credit card interest $500 Points paid to refinance their mortgage for a better interest rate (None of the points qualify as interest. ) $2, 000 Interest on a car loan $1, 500 Deductible?

CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS Charitable contribution: donation or gift to a qualified organization, which may be

CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS Charitable contribution: donation or gift to a qualified organization, which may be deductible if the taxpayer itemizes. Cash, check, and noncash contributions are reported Schedule A, line 16 and line 17 (respectively). Deductions may be taken for contributions to: Organizations that operate exclusively for religious, charitable, educational, scientific, or literary purposes Organizations that work to prevent cruelty to children or animals Organizations that foster national or international amateur sports competition if they do not provide athletic facilities or Equipment War veterans’ organizations Certain nonprofit cemetery companies or corporations The United States, or any state, the District of Columbia, a U. S. possession (including Puerto Rico), a political subdivision of a or U. S. possession, or an Indian tribal government or any of its subdivisions that perform substantial government functions

CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS Deductible items include: Monetary donations Dues, fees, and assessments paid to qualified

CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS Deductible items include: Monetary donations Dues, fees, and assessments paid to qualified organizations above the value of benefits received Fair market value of used clothing, furniture, and other items in good condition Cost and upkeep of uniforms that have no general use but must be worn while performing services donated to a charitable organization Unreimbursed transportation expenses that relate directly to the services the taxpayer provided for the organization Part of a contribution above the fair market value for items received such as merchandise and tickets to charity balls or sporting events Transportation expenses, including bus fare, parking fees, tolls, and either the cost of gas and oil or the standard mileage deduction may be taken.

CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS Nondeductible charitable contributions include: Business organizations, such as the Chamber of Commerce

CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS Nondeductible charitable contributions include: Business organizations, such as the Chamber of Commerce Civic leagues and associations Political organizations and candidates Social clubs Foreign organizations Homeowners’ associations Communist organizations

CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS Amounts that may not be deducted: Cost of raffle, bingo, or lottery

CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS Amounts that may not be deducted: Cost of raffle, bingo, or lottery tickets Tuition Value of a person’s time or service Blood donated to a blood bank or Red Cross Car depreciation, insurance, general repairs, or maintenance Direct contributions to an individual Sickness or burial expenses for members of a fraternal society Part of a contribution that benefits the taxpayer, such as the fair market value of a meal eaten at a charity dinner

CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS Limits for charitable contributions: If contributions total more than 20% of AGI,

CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS Limits for charitable contributions: If contributions total more than 20% of AGI, then may be able to deduct only percentage of contributions and must carry over the remainder to a later tax year. Records of charitable contributions Must keep records to verify cash and noncash contributions. Cash contributions cannot be deducted unless – Record of payment; or Written communication from charity which includes charity name, date of contribution and amount of contribution.

CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS Noncash contributions less than $250: Taxpayer must keep: A receipt or other

CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS Noncash contributions less than $250: Taxpayer must keep: A receipt or other written communication from the organization or the taxpayer’s own reliable written records for each item, showing: Name and address of organization Date and location of the contribution Reasonably detailed description of the donated property Fair market value of the donated property

CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS Noncash contributions of at least $250 but not more than $500 must

CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS Noncash contributions of at least $250 but not more than $500 must have all the documentation described for noncash contributions less than $250. Also need organization’s written acknowledgment stating whether the taxpayer received any goods or services in return and a description and good faith estimate of any such items. Noncash contributions of more than $500 Out of scope (refer to professional tax preparer.

MISCELLANEOUS DEDUCTIONS For some deductions, only portion that exceeds 2% of AGI can be

MISCELLANEOUS DEDUCTIONS For some deductions, only portion that exceeds 2% of AGI can be deducted. Some of these are – Union dues and fees Professional society dues Small tools and supplies used for business Professional books, magazines, and journals Expenses of looking for a new job in your present occupation Tax counsel and assistance Deductions not subject to 2% of AGI rule: Gambling losses (to the extent of gambling winnings) Work-related expenses for disabled individuals that enables them to work, such as attendant care services at their workplace

MISCELLANEOUS DEDUCTIONS Nondeductible expenses include – Commuting expenses (mileage to and from a taxpayer’s

MISCELLANEOUS DEDUCTIONS Nondeductible expenses include – Commuting expenses (mileage to and from a taxpayer’s regular place of work) Political contributions The cost of entertaining friends Lost or misplaced cash or property Travel as a form of education

EXERCISES Which of Bob’s miscellaneous expenses is deductible? Miscellaneous Expenses Income Tax Preparation Fee

EXERCISES Which of Bob’s miscellaneous expenses is deductible? Miscellaneous Expenses Income Tax Preparation Fee Safe Deposit Box Rental Life Insurance Premiums Credit card convenience fee for income tax payment Loss on sale of personal home Investment journals and expenses Investment Expenses Attorney fees for preparation of will Deductible?