ITALY Olaya Fernndez Ainhoa Fernndez y Damin Prez

ITALY Olaya Fernández, Ainhoa Fernández y Damián Pérez

GENERAL INFORMATION Location: Italy Government: Republic, unitary state, constitutional republic, parliamentary republic Currency: Euro Population: 60 665 551 hab. (2016) Borders: Austria-Italy border Slovenia-Italy border France-Italy border Italy-Switzerland border

MONUMENTS ¨RUINS OF POMPEII¨ VII century a. C. ¨ SISTINE CHAPEL¨ 1473 -1481 The Sistine Chapel is a chapel of the Apostolic Palace of the Vatican City, the official residence of the Pope. It is the best known residence of the palatial complex. St. Mark's Square 1177 St. Mark's Square is the only square in Venice, and its main tourist destination, abundant in photographers and tourists. It is attributed to Napoleon Bonaparte, although some think it was Alfred de Musset, the nickname le plus élégant salon d'Europe (the most beautiful hall in Europe). Pompeii (in Latin: Pompeii) was a city of the Ancient Rome located along with Herculaneum and other smaller places in the region of Campania, near the modern city of Naples and located around the bay of the same name in the Metropolitan City of Naples.

MONUMENTS ¨Colisseum¨ 70– 80 AD The Coliseum or Flavian Amphitheater is an amphitheater from the time of the Roman Empire, built in the first century and located in the center of the city of Rome. ¨The Trevi Fountain¨ 1732 The Fontana di Trevi is the largest (with about 40 meters in front), most ambitious and most famous of the monumental fountains of the Baroque in Rome (Italy). ¨Tower of Pisa¨ August 8, 1173 The tower of Pisa or leaning tower of Pisa (in Italian: tower pendente di Pisa) is the bell tower of the cathedral of Pisa, located in the Piazza del Duomo in Pisa, in the city of the same name, municipality of the Italian region of Tuscany and capital of the homonymous province.

CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS • The Carnival of Venecia: The carnival of Venice arises from the tradition of the year 1299 -1706. The original goal of the carnival was to grant the poorest people a moment of fun to publicly mock the aristocracy. That's where the use of masks that can hide the identity The costumes are period costumes of the Venetian 17 th century, as if they were fresh out of a painting. During the Carnival, many events and parties are also organized, some of them private and difficult to attend without invitation. The prices of the parties are also high, and one night can cost up to € 500. The goal of most visitors is to see Venice in Carnival and take pictures with the best costumes.

TYPICAL MUSIC The music of Italy oscillates in a broad spectrum of opera and classical instrumental music and popular music drawn from indigenous and imported sources. Italian innovation in musical scales, harmonies, notation, and theater allowed the development of opera in the sixteenth century and much of modern European classical music, such as symphony and concert. Italian music has been held in high esteem in history and many pieces of Italian music are considered as part of the fine arts; It is generally eclectic, but unique among the music of other nations. A opera originated in Italy at the end of the 16 th century, during the time of the Florentine Camerata. Italia, siendo una de las naciones seminales del catolicismo, tiene una larga historia de la música para la Iglesia católica. Experimental music is a broad, vaguely defined field that encompasses music created by the abandonment of traditional classical concepts of melody and harmony, and by the use of the new technology of electronics to create hitherto impossible sounds.

GASTRONOMY The food of Italy is varied. It reflects the cultural variety of its regions as well as the diversity of its history. Italian cuisine is included in the so-called Mediterranean gastronomy and is imitated and practiced all over the world. It is very common to know the cuisine of Italy for its most famous dishes, such as pizza, pasta and risotto, but the truth is that it is a kitchen that reflects the abundant smells and flavors of the Mediterranean. It is a cuisine with strong traditional character, varied thanks to each of its regions and heir of long traditions, which has managed to perpetuate ancient recipes such as pizza, Neapolitan dish par excellence, or polenta, which today can be tasted in any trattoria of the north. Fruits and vegetables, Meat and fish, Rice and Pasta. In addition to pizza and focaccia, in this category you can find similar recipes, such as calzone (a type of pizza closed on itself) and other dishes such as piadina, crescentina or borlengo. The varied cheeses and breads also predominate.

LANDSCAPE There are 24 Italian National Parks (equivalent to 5% of the national territory) that tourists and local people can discover and enjoy respecting the enormous biodiversity they protect. Some of them are: • National Park of the Gran Paradiso (Valle d'Aosta - Piedmont) • l National Park of the Dolomites (Veneto). • El Parque Nacional de los Abruzos, Lacio y Molise. • Foreste Casentinesi (Emilia Romagna-Tuscany) and the Umbra Foresta, ancient jungle of the promontory of Gargano (Apulia). • The Pollino National Park (Calabria-Basilicata). • Castel del Monte (National Park of Alta Murgia). • San Giovanni Rotondo (Gargano National Park). • Pestum (National Park of Cilento, Valley of Diano and Alburni, in Campania) to the splendid beaches of La Maddalena (Sardinia).

FAMOUS PEOPLE Leonardo Da Vinci Painter He was at the same time a painter, anatomist, architect, paleontologist, artist, botanist, scientist, writer, sculptor, philosopher, engineer, inventor, musician, poet and urban planner. Marco Polo He was a Venetian merchant and traveler, famous for the stories attributed to him about the trip to East Asia Galileo Galilei Was an Italian astronomer, philosopher, engineer, mathematician and physicist, closely related to the scientific revolution. Benito Mussolini Was a politician, Italian dictator and journalist, prime minister of the Kingdom of Italy with dictatorial powers from 1922 to 1943