ITALY KENYA OR U S Kenya U S

ITALY, KENYA, OR U. S. ? Kenya U. S. Italy

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CBR-CDR = NIR per 1000 people Note: Convert NIR into percent by moving decimal one spot to the left � The CBR of the U. S. is 13. The CDR of the U. S. is 8. What is the rate of natural increase in the U. S. ? 13 -8=5 people being added for every 1, 000 Convert to percent by dividing by 10 NIR =. 5% 5 % ------ = -----1000 100

Note: Convert NIR into percent by moving decimal one spot to the left � The CBR of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is 46 and the CDR is 16. What is the natural increase rate of the Democratic Republic of the Congo? 46 -16=30 people being added for every 1, 000 Convert to percent by dividing by 10 NIR = 3. 0% 30 % ------ = -----1000 100

Doubling Time Formula = 70/natural increase rate � What is the doubling time for a country whose natural increase rate is 3. 0%? 23 years � What is the doubling time for a country whose natural increase rate is. 5%? 140 years � What is the doubling time for a country whose natural increase rate is. 1%? 700 years

� Where in the world is population growing at the fastest rate? Sub-Saharan Africa � Where in the world is population growing at the slowest rate? Europe, Japan (negative growth)

PRO-NATALIST OR ANTI-NATALIST? � Sweden offers 16 months paid maternity leave per child � China’s One Child Policy starting in late 1970 s � Mussolini banned birth control, created holiday honoring mothers and children, taxed bachelors � Soviets awarded medals for having 9 children � India’s forced sterilizations during the 1970 s � Kenya institutes more family planning programs to educate women about birth control

Near water Northern Hemisphere Temperate Low to mid latitudes Low lying What do you notice about where people are distributed?

� What country did England relocate many of their criminals to? Australia � What is the largest minority population in Maine? French Canadian � Where did many Acadians relocate to? Louisiana (Cajuns) � What region of the U. S. did people migrate out of during the Dust Bowl? Great Plains

Nigeria Brazil Canada Russia China France India Kenya Afghanistan Mexico

Reasons for migrating: � Most people migrate for economic reasons � Cultural and environmental factors also induce migration Distance of migration: � Most migrants relocate a short distance � Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose bigcity destinations (major economic activity) Characteristics of migrants: � Most long distance migrants are male � Most long distance migrants are adult individuals rather than families with children (Since the 1990 s, there have been more women and children migrating)

Population Growth J-Curve (exponential growth) S-Curve (varying growth)

� Overpopulation � Malthus (exponential vs. linear growth) � Carrying capacity � Acculturation � Assimilation � Chain migration � Brain drain

� Migration in Europe (2003)– Why did Europe used to be the source of immigrants? Why is it now the destination of immigrants? � Immigration in U. S. (2005) � Global migration streams (2006) – Connect to core-periphery, chain migration, distance decay � Migration within the U. S. (2008) � Population pyramids and the DTM (2010) � Malthus (2011) � Elderly populations in MDCs (2013) – Reasons and Consequences � Refugees (2015) – Reasons (political, social, environmental), specific example from either Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq, Syria or Sudan, impacts on receiving country � Population growth in Sub–Saharan Africa (2017) - NIR

POPULATION – ANY MAJOR TOPICS MISSING? � Population policies – pro-natalist and anti- natalist � Epidemiologic Transition/Diseases � Changing Center of Population � Illegal immigration � Migration of children � Demographic momentum

1950 -2010 Moving South • • 1900 -1940 Filling in Great Plains 1850 -1890 Gold Rush 1800 -1840 Crossing Appalachians 1790 Hugging the Coast U. S. CENTER OF POPULATION Colonial settlements along East Coast Transportation improvements allowed westward expansion (early 1800 s = Erie Canal; late 1800 s = railroads) Gold rush in California, advances in agriculture help settle Great Plains Recent growth of South (right to work, industries relocating south, increased services in south)